A lens mirror array includes a plurality of optical elements connected to each other and aligned along one direction. Each of the optical elements comprises a first lens surface on which light is incident, a first reflection surface on which the incident light is reflected within the optical element, a second reflection surface on which the reflected light is further reflected within the optical element, a second lens surface through which the light reflected by the second reflection surface is emitted outside the optical element, and a protruding portion having a plurality of surfaces and connected to the first lens surface and the second reflection surface. One of the surfaces of the protruding portion inclined with respect to a direction of light incident on the protruding portion has a prism structure.

In order to achieve a relatively small installation height of a multi-aperture imaging device having a one-line array of adjacently arranged optical channels, lenses of the optics of the optical channels are attached to a main side of a substrate by one or more lens holders and are mechanically connected via the substrate, the substrate being positioned such that the optical paths of the plurality of optical channels pass therethrough.

Illumination optical unit for illuminating an object field in a projection exposure apparatus, comprising a first facet mirror with a structure, which has a spatial frequency of at least 0.2 mm.sup.1 in at least one direction, and a second facet mirror, comprising a multiplicity of facets, wherein the facets are respectively provided with a mechanism for damping spatial frequencies of the structure of the first facet mirror.

To control a focus position of light at a high speed and with high precision, an optical apparatus includes a first reflection surface 101 configured to be rotatable about a rotational shaft 104 and reflect the light; a second reflection surface 102 configured to be rotatable about the rotational shaft 104, face the first reflection surface 101, and reflect the light from the first reflection surface 101; a third reflection surface 114 that returns the light from the second reflection surface 102 to the second reflection surface 102; and a control unit 120 configured to control a focus position in an optical axis direction of the light returned back to the first reflection surface 101 from the third reflection surface 114 via the second reflection surface 102 by rotating the first and second reflection surfaces 101 and 102 about the rotational shaft 104 in a state in which a relative arrangement between the first and second reflection surfaces 101 and 102 is maintained.

A head-up display system includes a projector adapted to project an image, a primary reflector, and an exit pupil replicator, the primary reflector adapted to reflect an image projected by the projector to the exit pupil replicator, and the exit pupil replicator adapted to split the projected image into a two-dimensional array of identical projected images having equal intensity.

An imaging optical mechanism includes a first concave mirror and a second concave mirror at a position shifted from the first concave mirror in a sub-scanning direction. A plurality of aperture members in which slits are formed is disposed between the first concave mirror and the second concave mirror. The first concave mirror reflects light incident from an original document so as not to be imaged at a position between the first concave mirror and the second concave mirror in the sub-scanning direction, and reflects light incident from the original document so as to be imaged at the position between the first concave mirror and the second concave mirror in a main scanning direction. The second concave mirror reflects light which is reflected by the first concave mirror and incident thereto, so as to be imaged at a position of a sensor.

The present disclosure generally relates to light field displays and methods of displaying images with light field arrays. In one example, the present disclosure relates to pixel arrangements for use in light field displays. Each pixel includes a plurality of LEDs, such as micro LEDs, positioned adjacent respective micro-lenses of each pixel.

In a method for manufacturing a light control panel, a large number of strip-shaped reflective surfaces are formed with a constant pitch in a direction that is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the light control panel. The method includes a stacking step of directly stacking a large number of elongated flat plate-shaped glass pieces one on top of another without interposing an adhesive between the glass pieces, thereby producing a glass stack, which has a flat plate-like shape and in which the large number of glass pieces are lined up in a direction that is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the glass stack; and an integrating step of integrating the large number of Mass pieces of the glass stack. Pieces of transparent glass with no reflective films for forming the strip-shaped reflective surfaces being stacked thereon are used as the glass pieces.

The disclosure discloses a display apparatus and an on-vehicle head-up display system. The display apparatus comprises two imaging devices apart by a set distance, an optical splitter, and a reflector; wherein the two imaging devices are configured to display a left eye image and a right eye image respectively; the optical splitter is configured to receive and transmit emergent light of the two imaging devices to the reflector and to reflect reflected light of the reflector to set positions, wherein the set positions are symmetric with exit pupil positions of the two imaging devices with respect to a light splitting surface of the optical splitter; and the reflector is configured to reflect incident light back along its incident path.

An optical structure surface including a plurality of display region groups including a first display region group and a second display region group. In each display region group, an azimuth angle is formed between a projection direction and a reference direction, and a plurality of reflective surfaces belonging to the display region produce an image. A plurality of display regions include a set of display regions whose azimuth angles are different from each other, and the plurality of display regions display an image unique to the display region group in a display direction by a plurality of reflective surfaces of each of the display regions. The display directions of the first display region group and the second display group are different to provide a different brightness to their respective images, in the respective display directions of the images.