There is provided a projection optical system capable of projecting an image formed on an image forming unit on a projection plane, which has an extremely short projection distance and a small size.

There is provided a projection optical system capable of projecting an image formed on an image forming unit on a projection plane, which has an extremely short projection distance and a small size.

A marker includes a plurality of convex lenses each including a plurality of convex lenses each including a convex surface part on a front side; and a plurality of patterns formed on a rear surface of the plurality of convex lenses, each pattern corresponding to the convex surface part. Each of the plurality of patterns is composed of optically distinguishable first and second parts formed by a surface shape of the rear surface. The second part is disposed on each corresponding convex surface part. A distance between optical axes of the convex lenses which are adjacent is constant. A distance between centers of the second parts which are adjacent is different from the distance between the optical axes.

A marker includes a plurality of convex lenses each including a plurality of convex lenses each including a convex surface part on a front side; and a plurality of patterns formed on a rear surface of the plurality of convex lenses, each pattern corresponding to the convex surface part. Each of the plurality of patterns is composed of optically distinguishable first and second parts formed by a surface shape of the rear surface. The second part is disposed on each corresponding convex surface part. A distance between optical axes of the convex lenses which are adjacent is constant. A distance between centers of the second parts which are adjacent is different from the distance between the optical axes.

A directional illumination apparatus comprises an array of micro-LEDs that may be organic LEDs (OLEDs) or inorganic LEDs and an aligned solid catadioptric micro-optic array arranged to provide a water vapour and oxygen barrier for the micro-LEDs as well as reduced sensitivity to thermal and pressure variations. The shape of the interfaces of the solid catadioptric micro-optic array is arranged to provide total internal reflection for light from the aligned micro-LEDs using known transparent materials. A thin and efficient illumination apparatus may be used for collimated illumination in environmental lighting, display backlighting or direct display.

An imaging system configured to convert an illumination beam into an image beam includes a first prism including a first surface and a second surface, a second prism, and a light valve. An included angle between the first surface and the second surface is an acute angle. The illumination beam is sequentially transmitted to the first prism, the second prism, and the light valve. The light valve is configured to convert the illumination beam into the image beam, and the image beam is then transmitted to and passes the second prism. A first incident direction of the illumination beam incident on the first prism is perpendicular to a first exit direction of the illumination beam exiting from the first prism. Beam cross-sectional areas of the illumination beam before incident on and after exiting from the first prism are different. A projection apparatus including the imaging system is also provided.

An optical microscope apparatus includes: a sample interrogation system configured to probe a sample location; and a light collection system configured to collect light output from a sample due to being probed by the sample interrogation system. The light collection system includes: a mirror positioned along an imaging axis that passes through the sample location; and an optical lens system including a plurality of optical lenses arranged along the imaging axis, at least one of the lenses being a multiplet optical lens.

An optical microscope apparatus includes: a sample interrogation system configured to probe a sample location; and a light collection system configured to collect light output from a sample due to being probed by the sample interrogation system. The light collection system includes: a mirror positioned along an imaging axis that passes through the sample location; and an optical lens system including a plurality of optical lenses arranged along the imaging axis, at least one of the lenses being a multiplet optical lens.

An optical system of a head-mounted display (HMD) system that includes a diffractive optical element coupled to a display, for example, via lamination or a suitable optically clear adhesive. The optical system may include a reflective polarizer and a quarter-wave plate that, together with the diffractive optical element, form a catadioptric or “pancake” configuration that focuses light from a display system to an eye of a user of the head mounted display system.

An optical system of a head-mounted display (HMD) system that includes a diffractive optical element coupled to a display, for example, via lamination or a suitable optically clear adhesive. The optical system may include a reflective polarizer and a quarter-wave plate that, together with the diffractive optical element, form a catadioptric or “pancake” configuration that focuses light from a display system to an eye of a user of the head mounted display system.