An irradiation device for an additively manufacturing apparatus may include a working beam generation device configured to provide a working beam, a modulation beam generation device configured to provide a modulation beam, and a solid-state optical modulator that includes a crystalline material that exhibits a change in refractive index in response to photoexcitation of free electrons within the crystalline material. The irradiation device may include a power source coupled to the solid-state optical modulator and configured to introduce free electrons into the crystalline material. The modulation beam may cause photoexcitation of the free electrons within the crystalline material. The photoexcitation of the free electrons within the crystalline material may cause the crystalline material to exhibit a change in refractive index. The working beam, when incident upon the crystalline material, may exhibit a change in one or more parameters, such as a phase shift, attributable at least in part to the change in refractive index exhibited by the crystalline material.

A method of processing a transparent workpiece that includes directing a laser beam combination comprising a first beam and a second beam into the transparent workpiece simultaneously, the first beam passing through an impingement surface of the transparent workpiece at a first impingement location and the second beam passing through the impingement surface at a second impingement location. The first beam forms a first laser beam focal line in the transparent workpiece and generates a first induced absorption to produce a first defect segment within the transparent workpiece, the first defect segment having a first chamfer angle and the second beam forms a second laser beam focal line in the transparent workpiece and generates a second induced absorption to produce a second defect segment within the transparent workpiece, the second defect segment having a second chamfer angle, the second chamfer angle differing from the first chamfer angle.

Aspects relate to a photonic processing system, an integrated circuit, and a method of operating an integrated circuit to control components to modulate optical signals. A photonic processing system, comprising: a photonic integrated circuit comprising: a first electrically-controllable photonic component electrically coupling an input pin to a first output pin; and a second electrically-controllable photonic component electrically coupling the input pin to a second output pin.

A laser light irradiation device includes: a laser light source; a spatial light modulator including a display unit, the spatial light modulator modulating the laser light in accordance with a phase pattern displayed on the display unit; a beam diameter conversion mechanism arranged on an optical path of the laser light between the laser light source and the spatial light modulator, the beam diameter conversion mechanism enlarging or reducing the beam diameter of the laser light; a lens insertion and removal mechanism including a lens configured to vary the beam diameter of the laser light, the lens insertion and removal mechanism being enabled to insert/remove the lens in/from the optical path; and a controller configured to control the phase pattern to be displayed. The controller displays the phase pattern configured to correct a wavefront aberration caused by insertion or removal of the lens.

A heliostat includes a reflecting surface; an elastically deformable frame on which the reflecting surface is mounted; a truss structure behind the elastically deformable frame that includes at least four bracing struts with first ends attached to the elastically deformable frame and second ends attached to at least one node located centrally behind the frame; at least one actuator connected to at least one of the at least four struts at the at least one node; an electronic control system configured to communicate with the least one actuator; and a dual-axis mount to support and orient the above assembly. The actuation of the at least one actuator in response to the electronic control system causes compression or tension of at least one of the at least four bracing struts to thereby control a shape of the reflecting surface and the elastically deformable frame in at least low order bending modes.

Example radar systems, optical detectors, vehicles, and optical detection methods are provided. An example radar system includes a laser device and an optical detector. The optical detector can include a first polarization scanner and a photosensitive device. The laser device can be configured to emit detection laser. The first polarization scanner can be configured to refract an echo signal of the detection laser, where a refractive index of the first polarization scanner is variable. The photosensitive device can be configured to sense the echo signal refracted by the first polarization scanner.

Method for calibrating a phase mask in a beam path of an optical device with the steps: the phase mask is actuated successively with different patterns of grey levels, wherein a first grey level of a first quantity of segments remains constant and a second grey level of a second quantity of segments is varied from one pattern to the next, light of the optical device impinges on the phase mask, at least one part of the total intensity of the light in the beam path is measured downstream of the phase mask for the different patterns, and a characteristic of the measured intensity is obtained in dependence on the second grey level, a relationship between the second grey level and a phase shift, being imprinted by the phase mask, is obtained from the characteristic and an actuation of the phase mask is calibrated based on the obtained relationship.

A tunable optical metamaterial system includes a tunable optical metamaterial, an actuator module to selectively activate the tunable optical metamaterial, and a control system to selectively control the actuator module. The tunable optical metamaterial includes a substrate defined by one or more fluid-filled pockets formed by one or more electroactive polymer (EAP) layers defining a reservoir containing a fluid that is induced to a change in volumetric configuration or 3D orientation when electrically activated. The optically active array of resonators are populated on an electroactive surface of the one or more fluid-filled pockets and are optically responsive to the change in volumetric configuration of the one or more fluid-filled pockets. The control module is to selectively control, via the actuator module, the optical properties of the tunable optical metamaterial by causing the electrical activation of the fluid-filled pockets.

This application provides example multi-focal-plane image generation apparatuses, example head-up display apparatuses, example methods, and example devices. One example apparatus includes a pattern generation device and a focal length adjuster. The pattern generation device is configured to generate a light beam that carries image information, and irradiate the light beam to a surface of the focal length adjuster. The focal length adjuster is configured to perform focal length adjustment on the light beam that is irradiated to the surface of the focal length adjuster to generate a plurality of focal planes of the multi-focal-plane image generation apparatus.

Variable-focus lenses are arranged as a lens pair that work on opposite sides of a see-through optical combiner used in a mixed-reality head-mounted display (HMD) device. An eye-side variable-focus lens is configured as a negative lens over an eyebox of the see-through optical combiner to enable virtual-world objects to be set at a close distance. The negative lens is compensated by its conjugate using a real-world-side variable-focus lens configured as a positive lens to provide for an unperturbed see-through experience. For non-presbyopes, the powers of the lenses are perfectly offset. For presbyopes, the lens powers may be mismatched at times to provide simultaneous views of both virtual-world and real-world objects on the display in sharp focus. Responsively an eye tracker indicating that the user is engaged in close viewing, optical power is added to the real-world-side lens to push close real-world objects optically farther away and into sharp focus for the presbyopic user.