Methods for designing and producing a security feature are provided. In general, the present disclosure provides methods of designing a printed image in a security feature, the security feature comprising an array of optical elements overlaying the printed image, wherein the printed image comprises a two dimensional matrix of rows and columns of pixels, the method comprising; correcting for a mismatch between the pixels of the printed image and the array of optical elements by doing one or more of: adding one or more pixels; removing one or more pixels; and moving one or more pixels.

A measurement device for measuring a relative position between alignment marks includes an illumination unit capable of illuminating the alignment marks at a plurality of wavelengths, a detection unit that detects light from the alignment marks, a processing unit that obtain the relative position between the alignment marks, and an adjustment unit that adjusts a relative amount between light amounts of the plurality of wavelengths so that a relative value between detection light amounts of light from the alignment marks falls within a predetermined range.

A measurement device for measuring a relative position between alignment marks includes an illumination unit capable of illuminating the alignment marks at a plurality of wavelengths, a detection unit that detects light from the alignment marks, a processing unit that obtain the relative position between the alignment marks, and an adjustment unit that adjusts a relative amount between light amounts of the plurality of wavelengths so that a relative value between detection light amounts of light from the alignment marks falls within a predetermined range.

This conductive film has a randomized wiring pattern having randomized rhomboid shapes obtained by giving irregularity in a predetermined range to rhomboid shapes of a rhomboidal wiring pattern which, with respect to frequencies of moire and intensities of moire obtained by applying a visual response characteristic of human beings to frequency information of moire and intensity information of moire calculated from peak frequencies and peak intensities in both two-dimensional Fourier spectra of transmittance image data of the wiring pattern and transmittance image data of the pixel array pattern, causes a sum of intensities of moire each corresponding to each of frequencies of moire falling within a predetermined frequency range determined depending on the visual response characteristic to be less than or equal to a predetermined value. The conductive film allows suppression of moire and significant improvement in visibility.

This conductive film has a randomized wiring pattern having randomized rhomboid shapes obtained by giving irregularity in a predetermined range to rhomboid shapes of a rhomboidal wiring pattern which, with respect to frequencies of moire and intensities of moire obtained by applying a visual response characteristic of human beings to frequency information of moire and intensity information of moire calculated from peak frequencies and peak intensities in both two-dimensional Fourier spectra of transmittance image data of the wiring pattern and transmittance image data of the pixel array pattern, causes a sum of intensities of moire each corresponding to each of frequencies of moire falling within a predetermined frequency range determined depending on the visual response characteristic to be less than or equal to a predetermined value. The conductive film allows suppression of moire and significant improvement in visibility.

A security element for manufacturing value documents, such as banknotes, checks or the like, has an upper side making available several micro images, in particular for a lens magnification arrangement. Each micro image is formed by a micro cavity structure having a multitude of micro cavities disposed side by side, the micro cavities have an extension of 0.5 to 3 μm respectively in a spatial direction disposed parallel to the upper side. The micro cavity structure is optically reflective or highly refractive on its surface, so that on the surface at least partial reflection takes place, and for each micro image micro cavities of at least a first and a second type are present, which differ by an aspect ratio of the micro cavities, whereby each micro image is structured by the at least two different types of micro cavities.

A security element for manufacturing value documents, such as banknotes, checks or the like, has an upper side making available several micro images, in particular for a lens magnification arrangement. Each micro image is formed by a micro cavity structure having a multitude of micro cavities disposed side by side, the micro cavities have an extension of 0.5 to 3 μm respectively in a spatial direction disposed parallel to the upper side. The micro cavity structure is optically reflective or highly refractive on its surface, so that on the surface at least partial reflection takes place, and for each micro image micro cavities of at least a first and a second type are present, which differ by an aspect ratio of the micro cavities, whereby each micro image is structured by the at least two different types of micro cavities.

A light modulating device 103 includes: a selective diffraction device (10, 10′) which generates diffracted light beams of a plurality of orders by diffracting illumination light into one of a plurality of directions, the illumination light being linearly polarized light having a polarization plane oriented in a first polarization direction, and which causes a phase difference between the diffracted light beams of the plurality of orders; and a polarization plane rotating device 14 which rotates the polarization plane of the diffracted light beam of each order so as to be oriented in a direction perpendicular to a direction radiating from an optical axis.

A microscope system includes a microscope body, an XY stage mounted on the microscope body and including a stage configured to place a slide as an observation target and move in an X-axis direction and a Y-axis direction perpendicular to each other, and an XY two-dimensional scale plate fixed to the stage. The XY two-dimensional scale plate is provided with a first mark that provides axis information in the X-axis direction throughout a movable range of the stage in the Y-axis direction and a second mark that provides axis information in the Y-axis direction throughout a movable range of the stage in the X-axis direction, which are used to recognize X- and Y-coordinates of the stage.

An optical imaging film includes: a focusing layer, having two or more focusing structures; and a graphic layer, having two or more sub-graphics, and at least part of the sub-graphics are configured as a partial pattern of a preset graphic. The focusing layer is adapted to the graphic layer, and the focusing structures are provided corresponding to the sub-graphics, such that the optical imaging film presents an image of the preset graphic with a magnifying effect. The graphic layer of the optical imaging film includes a plurality of sub-graphics, and each of the plurality of the sub-graphics interacts with the corresponding focusing structure to form an image with a magnifying effect. Therefore, the sub-graphic is relatively large, thereby increasing the size of the images. That is, the optical imaging film can increase the magnification of the preset graphic.