Techniques are described for reducing the number of angles needed in structured illumination imaging of biological samples through the use of patterned flowcells, where nanowells of the patterned flowcells are arranged in, e.g., a square array, or an asymmetrical array. Accordingly, the number of images needed to resolve details of the biological samples is reduced. Techniques are also described for combining structured illumination imaging with line scanning using the patterned flowcells.

An imaging device includes: a modulator configured to modulate the intensity of light, based on a grating pattern; an image sensor configured to convert light passing through the modulator to electrical signals to generate a sensor image; a complex sensor image processing unit configured to generate, from the sensor image, a complex sensor image comprising a complex number; and a data transmission unit configured to transmit the complex sensor image.

An imaging device includes: a modulator configured to modulate the intensity of light, based on a grating pattern; an image sensor configured to convert light passing through the modulator to electrical signals to generate a sensor image; a complex sensor image processing unit configured to generate, from the sensor image, a complex sensor image comprising a complex number; and a data transmission unit configured to transmit the complex sensor image.

A thin film optical lens device includes a first light-permissive film and a second light-permissive film. The first light-permissive includes first micro-lenses, a first light incident surface, and a first light illuminating surface opposite to the first light incident surface. The first micro-lenses are two-dimensionally arranged to form a first micro-lens array. The second light-permissive film includes second micro-lenses, a second light incident surface, and a second light illuminating surface opposite to the second light incident surface. The second micro-lenses are two dimensionally arranged to form a second micro-lens array. The second light incident surface faces the first light illuminating surface. The first micro-lens array and the second micro-lens array correspondingly produce the moir pattern effect to provide an image magnification effect.

The present invention describes methods and apparatuses for creating superposition shape images by superposed base and revealing layers of lenslet gratings. The superposition shape images form a message recognizable by a human observer or by an image acquisition and computing device such as a smartphone. The superposition shape images may be created by different superposition techniques ranging from 1D moir, 2D moir and level-line moir superposition techniques to lenticular image and phase shift superposition techniques. Moir superposition techniques enable creating superposition shape images at different apparent depth levels. Applications comprise the protection of documents and valuable articles against counterfeits, the creation of eye-catching advertisements as well as the decoration of buildings and exhibitions.

The present invention describes methods and apparatuses for creating superposition shape images by superposed base and revealing layers of lenslet gratings. The superposition shape images form a message recognizable by a human observer or by an image acquisition and computing device such as a smartphone. The superposition shape images may be created by different superposition techniques ranging from 1D moir, 2D moir and level-line moir superposition techniques to lenticular image and phase shift superposition techniques. Moir superposition techniques enable creating superposition shape images at different apparent depth levels. Applications comprise the protection of documents and valuable articles against counterfeits, the creation of eye-catching advertisements as well as the decoration of buildings and exhibitions.

Disclosed herein are devices and techniques related to optical diffusers and particularly, diffusers to reduce moir patterns in a projected image. The device may comprise an array of micro-focal elements or reflectors and a light polarization grid. The light polarization grid configured to change a polarization between portions of a light beam and the micro-focal elements of reflectors to diffuse the light beam such that portions of the light beam having a difference in polarization may meet at a point.

Disclosed herein are devices and techniques related to optical diffusers and particularly, diffusers to reduce moir patterns in a projected image. The device may comprise an array of micro-focal elements or reflectors and a light polarization grid. The light polarization grid configured to change a polarization between portions of a light beam and the micro-focal elements of reflectors to diffuse the light beam such that portions of the light beam having a difference in polarization may meet at a point.

An optical element including a first pattern is provided. The first pattern includes a film and a plurality of light deflection regions arranged on the film, wherein each light deflection region comprises a diffraction structure having two or more than two amplitudes.

An optical element including a first pattern is provided. The first pattern includes a film and a plurality of light deflection regions arranged on the film, wherein each light deflection region comprises a diffraction structure having two or more than two amplitudes.