A display system produces three-dimensional images. The display system includes a waveguide, and a light source that injects light into the waveguide. A switchable grating allows individual positions in the grating in a two-dimensional array to be turned on and off. A controller configured to spatially modulate the switchable grating so as to control where light exits the waveguide. An eye tracking module tracks eye position of a viewer. The controller uses the eye position to control switching of the grating.

A surfactant includes a hydrophobic functional group, a hydrophilic functional group and a linker disposed between the hydrophobic functional group and the hydrophilic functional group. The linker is connected to the hydrophobic functional group and the hydrophilic functional group. The linker has a cleavable bond with a bond energy lower than a bond energy of a bond included in the hydrophilic functional group and a bond included in the hydrophobic functional group.

A optical phase shifter is provided for adjusting an optical phase of light propagating therethrough along an optical axis. The optical phase shifter includes first and second transparent slides defining a cavity therebetween. A sheet is received in the cavity and has first and second sides. The sheet includes a rigid inner portion alignable with the optical axis and is moveable along the optical axis between a first position and a second position. A tuning structure is operatively engageable with the rigid inner portion of the sheet to selectively move the rigid inner portion of the sheet along the optical axis so as to adjust the optical phase of light propagating through the optical phase shifter.

A pixel-based display device, such as an electrowetting display, includes an array of routing dummy pixels that are electrically interconnected in series, forming a conductive routing trace through the pixel area. Within the routing dummy pixel substrate, a source-drain metal layer is electrically isolated from a gate metal layer. A source metal interconnect between the source-drain metal layers of vertically adjacent routing dummy pixels electrically connects the vertically adjacent routing dummy pixels in series. The routing trace conducts a common voltage from a power supply to a common connector pad, facilitating relocation of the pad from the bottom to the top of the display. The pad and the source-drain and reflector metal layers of the routing dummy pixels have the same electric potential, ensuring that the routing dummy pixels remain in an off state and appear black throughout operation of the display device.

A display device includes a first support plate. A pixel region is positioned over the first support plate. The pixel region includes a pixel and an electrode layer disposed between the first support plate and the pixel region. A specular reflective layer is disposed on the electrode layer. The specular reflective layer has a first refractive index. A diffusion layer is disposed on the specular reflective layer. The diffusion layer includes a plurality of islands. Each island of the plurality of islands is separated by a distance from an adjacent island of the plurality of islands, wherein a portion of the specular reflective layer is exposed between two adjacent islands of the plurality of islands. Each island has a second refractive index greater than the first refractive index.

An apparatus includes a current sensor configured to couple to a power source and to sense a present current draw on the power source by a powered device. A voltage converter is coupled to the current sensor. The voltage converter includes an output line configured to couple to the powered device to provide an output charge to the powered device. The voltage converter is configured to adjust the output charge in relation to the sensed present current draw on the power source.

An electrowetting display device may comprise pixels that include: a hydrophobic layer portion disposed on a first electrode, electrowetting fluids overlying the hydrophobic layer portion, and a thin film transistor (TFT) that is in electrical contact with the first electrode. The electrowetting display device also comprises a display control circuit in electrical contact with a drain or a source of the TFT of each of the pixels to provide a drive voltage to the drain or the source of the TFT of each of the pixels, and a reset control circuit in electrical contact with the drain or the source of the TFT of each of the pixels to provide a reset voltage pulse to the drain or the source of the TFT of each of the pixels. A magnitude of the reset voltage pulse may be based, at least in part, on the drive voltage.

Examples are disclosed that relate to scanning optical systems. One example provides an optical system comprising an illumination source configured to emit light, a first scanning stage configured to receive the light and to scan the light, and a second scanning stage configured to receive and direct the light from the first scanning stage toward a projected exit pupil.

A substrate for an electrowetting display device including a pixel electrode, a partition wall pattern and a water-repellent pattern. The pixel electrode is formed on a base substrate. The partition wall pattern is disposed along an edge of the pixel electrode to expose the pixel electrode. The water-repellent pattern is disposed at a space formed by the pixel electrode and the partition wall pattern to be extended along a lower portion of side surfaces of the partition wall pattern from an area on which the pixel electrode is formed. The water-repellent pattern exposes an upper portion of the side surfaces and an upper surface of the partition wall pattern. Thus, a manufacturing reliability of a substrate for an electrowetting display device is improved to prevent a display quality from being reduced.

An apparatus for manufacture of an electrowetting device is provided. The apparatus includes a first and second support plate feeding system to provide a first and second support plate respectively. The first and second support plate feeding systems include a first and second element respectively. The first and second elements are positioned relative to each other so as to angle the first support plate relative to the second support plate such that the first support plate and the second support plate are brought closer together as the first support plate and the second support plate are fed by the first element and the second element, respectively, so as to provide, during the manufacture of the electrowetting device, a cavity between the first support plate and the second support plate. The apparatus also includes a first and second fluid supply system for supply of a first and second fluid respectively.