Disclosed is a metrology apparatus and method for measuring a structure formed on a substrate by a lithographic process. The metrology apparatus comprises an illumination system operable to provide measurement radiation comprising a plurality of wavelengths; and a hyperspectral imager operable to obtain a hyperspectral representation of a measurement scene comprising the structure, or a part thereof, from scattered measurement radiation subsequent to the measurement radiation being scattered by the structure.

An apparatus is provided that includes a detector configured to detect, separately during separate exposure periods of multiple exposure periods, spatially modulated light. The apparatus also includes a spatial modulator configured to apply a different spatial modulation to received light separately during separate exposure periods of the multiple exposure periods, to produce spatially modulated light. The apparatus further includes one or more optical elements configured to condense the spatially modulated light for detection by the detector. A system that includes the apparatus and a corresponding method and a computer-readable storage medium are also provided.

A lens-free imaging system for generating an image of a scene includes an electromagnetic (EM) radiation sensor; a mask disposed between the EM radiation sensor and the scene; an image processor that obtains signals from the EM radiation sensor while the EM radiation sensor is exposed to the scene; and estimates the image of the scene based on, at least in part, the signals and a transfer function between the scene and the EM radiation sensor.

Various embodiments are described herein for an ocular device implantable in a user's eye and which has an adjustable optical element for varying one or more optical properties for the eye such as, but not limited to, providing a dynamically adjustable aperture stop to control the amount of incoming light, filtering incoming light, polarizing incoming light, and/or varying a depth of field for the eye.

Various embodiments are described herein for an ocular device implantable in a user's eye and which has an adjustable optical element for varying one or more optical properties for the eye such as, but not limited to, providing a dynamically adjustable aperture stop to control the amount of incoming light, filtering incoming light, polarizing incoming light, and/or varying a depth of field for the eye.

A sensing system may include a first coded aperture configured to receive incident light and transmit a coded image of an object. The sensing system comprises a light replication component configured to detect the coded image and emit a replicated coded image. The sensing system may include a second coded aperture configured to receive the replicated coded image and transmit a decoded image. The sensing system may include a sensor configured to detect the decoded image.

An apparatus includes a horn having a horn body including at least one horn sidewall defining a first opening that tapers down to a second opening in a direction of elongation and a port that is tubular and dimensionally uniform transverse to the direction of elongation and extends in the direction of elongation from a first port end that is in communication with the second opening to a second port end that defines an external opening. A dielectric rod includes a rod length extending between a first rod end and a second rod end with the first rod end extending through the external opening of the second port end and into the port cavity such that the first rod end is in a spaced apart relationship from the port sidewall along the light path.

A partial-aperture imaging system, including one or more partial-aperture units, each including) one or more partial apertures disposed over a periphery of a circular area representing a full aperture having, each partial aperture being directed towards scenery, while the total area of the partial apertures spans only a portion of the area of the full aperture; one CPM for each of the partial apertures, the CPM receiving, one at a time, from a respective partial aperture at least one point-object image and at least one complex-object image, the CPM modulating by a same random code the phases of pixels of one or more pairs of the point-object and complex-object images, to form PORIs and CORIs; an imager for optically receiving the PORI—each PORI being defined as a PSF, respectively, and at least one CORI, and for storing; and a processor to form a final image.

A depth imaging system in a vehicle includes a lens that includes a polarization-coded aperture. The polarization-coded aperture includes a perpendicular polarization portion to pass incident light entering the perpendicular polarization portion of the polarization-coded aperture as perpendicularly polarized light. The polarization-coded aperture also includes a parallel polarization portion to pass the incident light entering the parallel polarization portion of the polarization-coded aperture as parallel polarized light. An image sensor provides a perpendicularly polarized image based on the perpendicularly polarized light and a parallel polarized image based on the parallel polarized light. A controller processes the perpendicularly polarized image and the parallel polarized image to identify one or more objects in a field of view of the depth imaging system and to determine a range to each of the one or more objects.

A method includes forming a first image of a scene through a static coded aperture onto a sensor with the static coded aperture in a first position relative to the sensor, shifting the coded aperture to a second position relative to the sensor, and forming a second image of the scene through the static coded aperture onto the sensor with the static coded aperture in the second position. Two or more images can be formed in this way. The method includes forming a combined image by deconvolving the two or more images and combining data from the two or more images into the combined image. The combined image can be a more accurate representation of the scene than either of the first and second images.