A wide viewing angle liquid crystal display includes color filters having a quantum dot and scattering particles and liquid crystal layer disposed in a microcavity, a distance between the color filter and the liquid crystal layer being sized to minimize display deterioration due to parallax.

A wide viewing angle liquid crystal display includes color filters having a quantum dot and scattering particles and liquid crystal layer disposed in a microcavity, a distance between the color filter and the liquid crystal layer being sized to minimize display deterioration due to parallax.

An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a color conversion display panel including: a light blocking member and a blue light cutting filter disposed on a color conversion substrate; a first color conversion layer and a second color conversion layer disposed on the blue light cutting filter to include nanocrystals; and a transmission layer disposed on the color conversion substrate, wherein the blue light cutting filter overlaps side surfaces of the first color conversion layer, the second color conversion layer, and the transmission layer.

An exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure provides a color conversion display panel including: a light blocking member and a blue light cutting filter disposed on a color conversion substrate; a first color conversion layer and a second color conversion layer disposed on the blue light cutting filter to include nanocrystals; and a transmission layer disposed on the color conversion substrate, wherein the blue light cutting filter overlaps side surfaces of the first color conversion layer, the second color conversion layer, and the transmission layer.

A display apparatus includes a light-source substrate portion which generates light; and a color control portion to which the generated light from the light-source substrate portion is incident and at which color of the generated light is adjusted to define a color-converted light having a color different from that of the generated light. The color control portion includes: an exit surface through which the color-converted light exits the color control portion; a substrate including a plurality of concave portions defined therein, each of the concave portions extended along a direction from the light-source substrate portion to the exit surface of the color control portion; and a plurality of color conversion members respectively in the plurality of concave portions, the color conversion members each including a color-converting material which converts the color of the generated light to the color of the color-converted light.

A display apparatus includes a light-source substrate portion which generates light; and a color control portion to which the generated light from the light-source substrate portion is incident and at which color of the generated light is adjusted to define a color-converted light having a color different from that of the generated light. The color control portion includes: an exit surface through which the color-converted light exits the color control portion; a substrate including a plurality of concave portions defined therein, each of the concave portions extended along a direction from the light-source substrate portion to the exit surface of the color control portion; and a plurality of color conversion members respectively in the plurality of concave portions, the color conversion members each including a color-converting material which converts the color of the generated light to the color of the color-converted light.

An adaptive lighting apparatus includes a light source, a spatial light modulator, and processing circuitry. Further, the processing circuitry is configured to drive the spatial light modulator by a modulation signal for irradiating patterns for generating one or more localized illuminations, scan the one or more localized illuminations on the target object based on the patterns, and calculate, in advance, the patterns so that light intensity of the one or more localized illuminations is enhanced on a virtual target located at a predetermined distance and without a scattering medium.

Reconfigurable electro-optic frequency shifters are provided. In various embodiments, the optical frequency shifter comprises a continuous optical spectrum medium; a discrete optical spectrum medium optically coupled to the continuous optical spectrum medium; and a tunable element operably coupled to the discrete optical spectrum medium, wherein: the discrete optical spectrum medium has N optical modes (I:{i.sub.1 . . . i.sub.N}), said optical modes being ordered and equidistant in a frequency domain, wherein N is an integer equal to or greater than 3, each of the optical modes (i.sub.n∈I) having a coupling constant κ.sub.e,n with respect to the continuous optical spectrum medium, wherein at least one of the coupling constants κ.sub.e,n is different from the other coupling constants, the optical modes (I) having a coupling constant Ω with respect to one another, wherein the tunable element is configured to control the coupling constant Ω.

A color filter includes a substrate including pixel areas and a light-shielding area which is disposed between adjacent pixels areas; and a color conversion layer which color-converts incident light of an incident color and emits color-converted light toward the substrate, the color conversion layer including a first color conversion pattern in a first pixel area among the pixel areas and with which the incident light of the incident color is converted into light of a first color; and a second color conversion pattern in a second pixel area among the pixel areas and with which the incident light of the incident color is converted into light of a second color; and a partition wall in the light-shielding area and between the first color conversion pattern and the second color conversion pattern, the partition wall including a light-scattering material which scatters light incident thereto.

A color filter includes a substrate including pixel areas and a light-shielding area which is disposed between adjacent pixels areas; and a color conversion layer which color-converts incident light of an incident color and emits color-converted light toward the substrate, the color conversion layer including a first color conversion pattern in a first pixel area among the pixel areas and with which the incident light of the incident color is converted into light of a first color; and a second color conversion pattern in a second pixel area among the pixel areas and with which the incident light of the incident color is converted into light of a second color; and a partition wall in the light-shielding area and between the first color conversion pattern and the second color conversion pattern, the partition wall including a light-scattering material which scatters light incident thereto.