Methods and controllers for reading a quantum state of an atomic object and/or qubit using coherent shelving are provided. A controller causes a first beam of a first wavelength and a second beam of a second wavelength to be incident on the qubit and causes a reading beam to be incident on the qubit. The first wavelength and the second wavelength are configured to couple a state of a qubit space of the qubit to a stable state. The stable state has a lifetime that is longer than a length of time required for performing a reading operation. The first beam and the second beam are generated by at least one manipulation source operated by at least one manipulation source driver of and/or in communication with and/or controlled by the controller.

This disclosure relates to optical devices for quantum information processing applications. In one example implementation, a semiconductor structure is provided. The semiconductor structure may be embedded with single defects that can be individually addressed. An electric bias and/or one or more optical excitations may be configured to control the single defects in the semiconductor structure to produce single photons for use in quantum information processing. The electric bias and optical excitations are selected and adjusted to control various carrier processes and to reduce environmental charge instability of the single defects to achieve optical emission with wide wavelength tunability and narrow spectral linewidth. Electrically controlled single photon source and other electro-optical devices may be achieved.

An optical neural network is constructed based on photonic integrated circuits to perform neuromorphic computing. In the optical neural network, matrix multiplication is implemented using one or more optical interference units, which can apply an arbitrary weighting matrix multiplication to an array of input optical signals. Nonlinear activation is realized by an optical nonlinearity unit, which can be based on nonlinear optical effects, such as saturable absorption. These calculations are implemented optically, thereby resulting in high calculation speeds and low power consumption in the optical neural network.

Systems and methods that include: providing input information in an electronic format; converting at least a part of the electronic input information into an optical input vector; optically transforming the optical input vector into an optical output vector based on an optical matrix multiplication; converting the optical output vector into an electronic format; and electronically applying a non-linear transformation to the electronically converted optical output vector to provide output information in an electronic format. In some examples, a set of multiple input values are encoded on respective optical signals carried by optical waveguides. For each of at least two subsets of one or more optical signals, a corresponding set of one or more copying modules splits the subset of one or more optical signals into two or more copies of the optical signals. For each of at least two copies of a first subset of one or more optical signals, a corresponding multiplication module multiplies the one or more optical signals of the first subset by one or more matrix element values using optical amplitude modulation. For results of two or more of the multiplication modules, a summation module produces an electrical signal that represents a sum of the results of the two or more of the multiplication modules.

Provided is an optical signal processing apparatus capable of improving computing accuracy without increasing the number of nodes of a reservoir layer. An optical signal processing apparatus for converting an input one-dimensional signal to an optical signal to perform signal processing includes: an input unit configured to perform linear processing on the input one-dimensional signal to convert the input one-dimensional signal to an optical signal of multi-wavelength; a reservoir unit connected to an output of the input unit and configured to perform linear processing and nonlinear processing on the optical signal; and an output unit connected to an output of the reservoir unit and configured to convert the optical signal to an electrical signal and perform linear processing to output a one-dimensional output.

Provided is an optical signal processing apparatus capable of improving computing accuracy without increasing the number of nodes of a reservoir layer. An optical signal processing apparatus for converting an input one-dimensional signal to an optical signal to perform signal processing includes: an input unit configured to perform linear processing on the input one-dimensional signal to convert the input one-dimensional signal to an optical signal of multi-wavelength; a reservoir unit connected to an output of the input unit and configured to perform linear processing and nonlinear processing on the optical signal; and an output unit connected to an output of the reservoir unit and configured to convert the optical signal to an electrical signal and perform linear processing to output a one-dimensional output.

Systems and methods that include: providing input information in an electronic format; converting at least a part of the electronic input information into an optical input vector; optically transforming the optical input vector into an optical output vector based on an optical matrix multiplication; converting the optical output vector into an electronic format; and electronically applying a non-linear transformation to the electronically converted optical output vector to provide output information in an electronic format. In some examples, a set of multiple input values are encoded on respective optical signals carried by optical waveguides. For each of at least two subsets of one or more optical signals, a corresponding set of one or more copying modules splits the subset of one or more optical signals into two or more copies of the optical signals. For each of at least two copies of a first subset of one or more optical signals, a corresponding multiplication module multiplies the one or more optical signals of the first subset by one or more matrix element values using optical amplitude modulation. For results of two or more of the multiplication modules, a summation module produces an electrical signal that represents a sum of the results of the two or more of the multiplication modules.

A passive photonics reservoir computing system comprises an optical waveguide based structure comprising a plurality of discrete nodes and a plurality of passive waveguide interconnections between the nodes for propagating the at least one photonic signal between the nodes, in which each discrete node is adapted for passively relaying the at least one photonic wave over the passive waveguide interconnections connected thereto, wherein the optical waveguide based structure comprises at least one multimode Y-junction configured for connecting three waveguides using a taper section wherein the taper section is not perfectly adiabatic. A training scheme uses a passive photonics computing system.

Systems and methods that include: providing input information in an electronic format; converting at least a part of the electronic input information into an optical input vector; optically transforming the optical input vector into an optical output vector based on an optical matrix multiplication; converting the optical output vector into an electronic format; and electronically applying a non-linear transformation to the electronically converted optical output vector to provide output information in an electronic format.

In some examples, a set of multiple input values are encoded on respective optical signals carried by optical waveguides. For each of at least two subsets of one or more optical signals, a corresponding set of one or more copying modules splits the subset of one or more optical signals into two or more copies of the optical signals. For each of at least two copies of a first subset of one or more optical signals, a corresponding multiplication module multiplies the one or more optical signals of the first subset by one or more matrix element values using optical amplitude modulation. For results of two or more of the multiplication modules, a summation module produces an electrical signal that represents a sum of the results of the two or more of the multiplication modules.

A beam steering apparatus includes a substrate; at least one light source provided on the substrate; a first waveguide configured to transmit a first light beam radiated from the at least one light source; at least one beam splitter configured to split the first light beam transmitted by the first waveguide to obtain a second light beam; a second waveguide configured to receive the second light beam; and a quantum dot optical amplifier provided on the second waveguide and comprising a barrier layer, a quantum dot layer, and a wetting layer, the quantum dot optical amplifier being configured to modulate a phase of the second light beam, and to amplify an intensity of the second light beam.