Display device is provided and includes first and second substrates; display region in which pixels are provided on first substrate; peripheral region positioned between edge of first substrate and display region; scanning lines extending in first direction; signal lines extending in second direction; terminals arranged in first direction in peripheral region of first substrate; connection lines in first region and that connect terminals and signal lines; dummy electrodes disposed in second region separated from connection lines in planar view, and signal output lines that couple terminals and connection lines, wherein dummy electrodes are provided in second region surrounded by end of first substrate and signal output lines.

An optical modulator includes a first mesa waveguide and a second mesa waveguide. Each of the first mesa waveguide and the second mesa waveguide includes a first semiconductor layer that has a p-type conductivity and is provided on a substrate, a second semiconductor layer that has a p-type conductivity and is provided on the first semiconductor layer, a core layer provided on the second semiconductor layer, and a third semiconductor layer that has an n-type conductivity and is provided on the core layer. The first semiconductor layer has a dopant concentration greater than a dopant concentration in the second semiconductor layer.

An optical modulator, that includes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and three or more segments, generates an optical signal based on three or more electric signals transmitted in parallel. The three or more segments are provided in series along an optical path of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and respectively shift a phase of light propagating through the optical path based on the three or more electric signals. A length of at least one of the three or more segments is different from lengths of the other segments. Optical path lengths from input ends of respective segments to input ends of corresponding next segments are the sae.

An optical waveguide device includes a substrate on which an intermediate layer, a thin-film LN layer of lithium niobate, and a buffer layer are stacked; an optical waveguide formed in the thin-film LN layer; and a plurality of electrodes near the optical waveguide. The intermediate layer and the buffer layer contain a same material of a metal element of any one of group 3 of group 18 of a periodic table of elements.

The present application relates to an electrochromic composite, an electrochromic device comprising the same, and a method for manufacturing an electrochromic device.

Methods and systems for a vertical junction high-speed phase modulator are disclosed and may include a semiconductor device having a semiconductor waveguide including a slab section, a rib section extending above the slab section, and raised ridges extending above the slab section on both sides of the rib section. The semiconductor device has a vertical pn junction with p-doped material and n-doped material arranged vertically with respect to each other in the rib and slab sections. The rib section may be either fully n-doped or p-doped in each cross-section along the semiconductor waveguide. Electrical connection to the p-doped and n-doped material may be enabled by forming contacts on the raised ridges, and electrical connection may be provided to the rib section from one of the contacts via periodically arranged sections of the semiconductor waveguide, where a cross-section of both the rib section and the slab section in the periodically arranged sections may be fully n-doped or fully p-doped.

The present disclosure provides an integrated imaging apparatus and a display device. The integrated imaging apparatus includes: a display member, an incident light adjusting member, a lens array and a second lens that are sequentially arranged. The display member is configured to display an image; the incident light adjusting member is configured to reduce a pixel divergence angle of an incident light emitted by the display member; the lens array includes a plurality of first lens, the plurality of first lens being arranged on a plane parallel to the display member; and the second lens and the display member are coaxially arranged. The present disclosure effectively extends the field of depth, thereby improving the imaging effect of the integrated imaging apparatus.

A reflective dynamic metasurface of an embodiment comprises a structure enabling phase modulation in each of pixels constituting at least a one-dimensional array. The metasurface includes: a laminated structure body having a transparent conductive layer and a dielectric layer; a first metal film on one surface of the laminated structure body; a second metal film on the other surface of the laminated structure body; and a drive circuit controlling voltage applied between the first and second metal films. The first and second metal films are arranged to sandwich the pixels. The first metal film is arranged to expose a pair of window regions in one pixel, and the second metal film includes partial metal films defining the shape of each pixel and separated from each other. The drive circuit individually controls the potential of each partial metal film, thereby modulating the phase of the input light for each pixel.

A wire substrate, a display device including a wire substrate, and a method of fabricating a wire substrate are disclosed. The display device comprises: a first base; and a first wiring layer disposed on the first base and comprising a conductive layer and a metal oxide layer stacked on the conductive layer, wherein the metal oxide layer comprises molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), and oxygen (O). The conductive layer includes a first metal layer on the first base, and a second metal layer between the first metal layer and the metal oxide layer. The second metal layer has a higher electrical conductivity than the first metal layer, and a thickness of the second metal layer is greater than a thickness of the first metal layer.

Provided are an optical modulation element including a substrate 11; an electrode layer 12 provided on the substrate 11; a dielectric layer 13 provided on the electrode layer 12; and a light absorbing layer 14 provided on the dielectric layer 13 and including inorganic nanoparticles, in which the inorganic nanoparticles exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance by light irradiation, an optical shutter including the optical modulation element, and an optical modulation method including dynamically modulating reflected light or transmitted light of light incident into the optical modulation element by changing a voltage to be applied to the light absorbing layer of the optical modulation element.