An optical modulator is disclosed that includes an optical resonator structure. The optical resonator structure includes at least one non-linear portion, the at least one non-linear portion comprising at least one radial junction region. The at least one radial junction region is formed between at least first and second materials, respectively, having different electronic conductivity characteristics. A principal axis of the at least one radial junction region is oriented along a radius of curvature of the at least one non-linear portion. The optical modulator includes an optical waveguide that is coupled to the at least one non-linear portion of the optical resonator structure.

Alloys of GeSbSeTe (GSST) can be used to make actively tunable infrared transmission filters that are small, fast, and solid-state. These filters can be used for hyperspectral imaging, 3D LIDAR, portable bio/chem sensing systems, thermal emission control, and tunable filters. GSST is a low-loss phase-change material that can switch from a low-index (n=3), amorphous state to a high-index (n=4.5), hexagonal state with low loss (k<0.3) over a wavelength range of 2-10 microns or more. The GSST thickness can be selected to provide pure phase modulation, pure amplitude modulation, or coupled phase and amplitude modulation. GSST can be switched thermally in an oven, optically with visible light, or electrically via Joule heating at speeds from kilohertz to Gigahertz. It operates with reversible and polarization independent transmission switching over a wide incident angle (e.g., 0-60 degrees).

A principle which enables the generation of macroscopic Fock and sub-Poissonian states is disclosed. Generic components of the system include: an electromagnetic structure (possessing one or more electromagnetic resonances), a nonlinear electromagnetic element (such as a nonlinear crystal near or inside the structure), and a source of light. In one embodiment, stimulated gain is used to create large numbers of photons in a cavity, but with very low photon number noise (uncertainty) in the cavity, and thus acts as a Fock laser. This Fock laser is capable of producing these states due to a very sharp intensity-dependent gain (or loss) that selects a particular photon number. The disclosed system and method are robust against both atomic and optical decoherence. Various examples of the new Fock laser design are also described.

A wavelength selective switch (WSS) apparatus is disclosed, which includes: a liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) phase array configured for selectively diverting a certain wavelength component of light beams to continue to propagate and keeping another wavelength component of the light beams from propagating by controlling a voltage applied thereto and/or a polarization of the light beams, the LCOS phase array being provided with a first liquid crystal (LC) domain, a second liquid crystal (LC) domain, and a reflection component, the reflection component being configured to reflect a light beam input through the first LC domain back to the first LC domain and reflect a light beam input through the second LC domain back to the second LC domain; and a reflective element that is arranged to reflect the light beams output from the LCOS phase array back to the LCOS phase array.

Embodiments of the invention disclose a display device, comprising a substrate, a plurality of pixels on the substrate and a backlight module located at a side of the substrate away from the pixels. Each pixel has a microcavity structure, in which the light emitted from the backlight module oscillates many times and exits as visible light of at least three colors, thereby enabling the display device to realize color display. Compared to the existing liquid crystal display device, this display device will not be limited by the manufacturing process when it is applied in the flexible display field. Compared to the existing organic electroluminescent display device, this display device will not have the problems of low yield, high cost and short life time, etc.

A display according to an embodiment of the disclosure includes a light-emitting device and a display panel unit. The light-emitting device includes a light guide plate, a light source, a reflecting plate, and a dot pattern. The light guide plate has a light-outputting surface including a plurality of band-shaped projections extending in a direction orthogonal to the light-entering end surface. The light source is disposed along the light-entering end surface. The reflecting plate is disposed to face the rear surface of the light guide plate. The dot pattern fixes the light guide plate and the reflecting plate to each other and serves as a light scatterer. The display panel unit includes a display panel, an optical sheet, and a fixing layer. The fixing layer adheres or sticks the display panel and the optical sheet to each other and serves as a light diffuser.

The present disclosure relates to a display device includes a display panel and a backlight source. The display panel includes a top substrate and a down substrate opposite to the top substrate. The top substrate includes a reflective filter layer and a colorful luminous layer. The colorful luminous layer respectively emit red, green, and blue light beams emitting out from the reflective filter layer. The reflective filter layer reflects a portion of the light beams from the backlight source to the reflective filter layer into the colorful luminous layer to further activate the colorful luminous layer to emit the light beams to enhance an optical performance. In this way, the content of the QDs of the colorful luminous layer can be reduced without affecting the luminous effect such that the concentration of the cadmium element may comply to the requirement of the ROHS standard

A system includes an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) device. The OPO device has an optical resonator, a first nonlinear optical element (NLO) and a second non-linear optical element (NLO). The first NLO can produce, via OPO of a first pump beam, a first output with a first frequency and a second output with a second frequency. The second frequency is lower than the first frequency. The second NLO can produce, via OPO of a second pump beam (with a higher frequency than the first), a third output with a third frequency and a fourth output with a fourth frequency. The fourth frequency is lower than the third frequency. The first frequency is the same, or at least substantially the same, as the fourth frequency. The OPO device is configured to resonate at the first frequency and the fourth frequency.

A deep ultra-violet (DUV) continuous wave (CW) laser includes a fundamental CW laser configured to generate a fundamental frequency with a corresponding wavelength between about 1 m and 1.1 m, a third harmonic generator module including one or more non-linear optical (NLO) crystals that generate a third harmonic and an optional second harmonic, and a fifth harmonic generator. The fifth harmonic generator module includes a cavity resonant at the fundamental frequency, and combines the fundamental frequency with the third harmonic in a first NLO crystal to generate a fourth harmonic, then combines the fourth harmonic with unconsumed fundamental frequency in a second NLO crystal to generate the fifth harmonic. One or more lenses are used to focus the third and fourth harmonics in the first and second NLO crystals, respectively.

In one example, a device includes a bus waveguide to carry a light of a carrier wavelength, a first ring waveguide with a first modulator, a first heater to adjust a resonance wavelength of the first ring waveguide, and a second ring waveguide with a second modulator. The first ring waveguide and the second ring waveguide are coupled to the bus waveguide and are to modulate the light of the carrier wavelength to impart one of at least four optical power levels to the light. In another example, a device includes, a bus waveguide, a first ring waveguide with a first modulator, and a second ring waveguide with a second modulator. The first ring waveguide and the second ring waveguide are coupled to the bus waveguide and are to modulate a light of a carrier wavelength to impart one of at least four optical power levels to the light.