An image processing device that realizes local dimming control and push-up control of a display device using an artificial intelligence function is provided. The image processing device includes a trained neural network model that estimates a local dimming pattern representing light emitting states of light source units corresponding to a plurality of areas divided from a display area of an image display unit for a target display image, and a control unit that controls the light emitting states of the light source units on the basis of the local dimming pattern estimated by the trained neural network model for the target display image displayed on the image display unit.

To achieve multifunctionality, a large number of components and the time and effort for implementing the components are required, which leads to an increase in the manufacturing cost and a reduction in yield. A matrix display portion and a matrix optical sensor portion are formed over one substrate. In addition, a driver circuit of the display portion and a driver circuit of the optical sensor portion formed over the same substrate as that for the display portion are built in one chip, whereby the number of components can be reduced. When the optical sensor is formed in a display panel, a barcode reader function or a scanner function can be given to the display panel. Furthermore, a function of authenticating fingerprints or the like or an input/output function of a touch sensor can be given to the display panel.

The present invention provides a display panel including a liquid crystal display layer and a light-transmitting display layer. The light-transmitting display layer includes a first pixel, and the liquid crystal display layer includes a second pixel. A size of the first pixels close to the liquid crystal display layer is less than a size of the first pixels away from the liquid crystal display layer, and/or a size of the second pixels away from the light-transmitting display layer is less than a size of the second pixels close to the light-transmitting display layer.

A reflectance/transmittance of an optical device disposed at a position through which image light emitted from a liquid crystal display displaying an icon passes is changed according to an anti-glare level to achieve anti-glare of the reflected image. A color of the icon displayed on the liquid crystal display is adjusted such that the higher the transmittance of the optical device is, the lower the lightness is, so that the icon of a similar color is visually recognized regardless of the reflectance/transmittance of the optical device.

A head-mounted apparatus include an eyepiece that include a variable dimming assembly and a frame mounting the eyepiece so that a user side of the eyepiece faces a towards a user and a world side of the eyepiece opposite the first side faces away from the user. The dynamic dimming assembly selectively modulates an intensity of light transmitted parallel to an optical axis from the world side to the user side during operation. The dynamic dimming assembly includes a variable birefringence cell having multiple pixels each having an independently variable birefringence, a first linear polarizer arranged on the user side of the variable birefringence cell, the first linear polarizer being configured to transmit light propagating parallel to the optical axis linearly polarized along a pass axis of the first linear polarizer orthogonal to the optical axis, a quarter wave plate arranged between the variable birefringence cell and the first linear polarizer, a fast axis of the quarter wave plate being arranged relative to the pass axis of the first linear polarizer to transform linearly polarized light transmitted by the first linear polarizer into circularly polarized light, and a second linear polarizer on the world side of the variable birefringence cell.

A display such as a liquid crystal display may have an array of pixels that is illuminated using backlight illumination from a backlight. The backlight may have a light guide layer that distributes light from light-emitting diodes across the display. The light guide layer may have a planar portion that provides backlight illumination to the array of pixels and may have bent edge portions that curve out of the plane of the planar portion. Light scattering structures may be formed in the planar portion to extract backlight illumination from the light guide layer. A light sensor adjacent to the bent portion may monitor leaked light. The light guide layer may have two bent portions on opposing edges of the light guide layer.

A photonic integrated circuit comprises a silicon nitride waveguide, an electro-optic modulator formed of a III-nitride waveguide structure disposed on the silicon nitride waveguide, a dielectric cladding covering the silicon nitride waveguide and electro-optic modulator, and electrical contacts disposed on the dielectric cladding and arranged to apply an electric field to the electro-optic modulator.

An electrical driver can be used to provide electrical drive signals to a first and second electrically controllable optical privacy glazing structures. A first electrical drive signal can be applied to the first privacy glazing structure and a second electrical drive signal can be applied to the second privacy glazing structure. Applying the first and second electrical drive signal can comprise temporally staggering delivery of the first and second electrical drive signals such that a peak power draw and/or a peak current draw from the first privacy glazing structure is temporally offset from a peak power draw and/or a peak current draw from the second privacy glazing structure. Staggering can include delaying the application of one electrical drive signal relative to the other, phase shifting one electrical drive signal relative to the other, or a combination thereof.

An optical transmitter includes an optical modulator configured to modulate input light and output a light signal, a drive unit configured to output a modulation data signal to the optical modulator, and a bias controller configured to perform feedback control of bias voltage applied to the optical modulator. During a modulation OFF operation of the optical modulator, the bias controller switches a control target point from a first control target point to a second control target point and executes the feedback control.

A phase modulation device includes an image data generator, a controller, a light reception signal detector, and a liquid crystal element. The image data generator generates image data. The controller generates a gradation control signal based on the image data. The liquid crystal element includes a first substrate and a light receiver. The first substrate has a pixel region in which a plurality of pixel electrodes constituting pixels are arranged. The light receiver photoelectrically converts light with which the pixel region is irradiated to generate a light reception signal. The light reception signal detector generates a drive control signal based on the light reception signal. The liquid crystal element changes an inclination angle of a wavefront of the light with which the pixel region is irradiated by applying different driving voltages to the plurality of pixel electrodes based on the gradation control signal.