An augmented reality display system includes a pair of variable focus lens elements that sandwich a waveguide stack. One of the lens elements is positioned between the waveguide stack and a user's eye to correct for refractive errors in the focusing of light projected from the waveguide stack to that eye. The lens elements may also be configured to provide appropriate optical power to place displayed virtual content on a desired depth plane. The other lens element is between the ambient environment and the waveguide stack, and is configured to provide optical power to compensate for aberrations in the transmission of ambient light through the waveguide stack and the lens element closest to the eye. In addition, an eye-tracking system monitors the vergence of the user's eyes and automatically and continuously adjusts the optical powers of the pair of lens elements based on the determined vergence of those eyes.

A glass backplane includes a tempered glass substrate, a light-shielding layer and a reflective layer. Two opposite sides of the tempered glass substrate are a first side and a second side. The light-shielding layer is disposed on the first side of the tempered glass substrate, two opposite sides of the light-shielding layer are a first side and a second side, and the second side of the light-shielding layer is closer to the tempered glass substrate than the first side of the light-shielding layer. The reflective layer is disposed at the first side of the light-shielding layer.

Provided are a Faraday rotator and a magneto-optical device which stably provide a Faraday rotation angle of 45° and achieve further size reduction. A Faraday rotator comprises: a magnetic circuit 2 including first to third magnetic materials 11 to 13 each provided with a through hole through which light passes; and a Faraday element 14 disposed in the through hole 2a and made of a paramagnetic material capable of transmitting light therethrough, wherein the magnetic circuit 2 is formed by coaxial arrangement of the first to third magnetic materials 11 to 13 in this order in a front-to-rear direction, when a direction where light passes through the through hole 2a is defined as a direction of an optical axis, the first magnetic material 11 is magnetized in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis to have a north pole located toward the through hole, the second magnetic material 12 is magnetized in a direction parallel to the direction of the optical axis to have a north pole located toward the first magnetic material 11, and the third magnetic material 13 is magnetized in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the optical axis to have a south pole located toward the through hole, and a length of the Faraday element 14 along the direction of the optical axis is shorter than a length of the second magnetic material 12 along the direction of the optical axis.

A polymer modulator including a waveguide core defined over an insulating layer and having a first passive region including a light input, a second passive region including a light output, and an active region optically coupling the passive regions into a continuous waveguide core between the input and output. The waveguide core in the first and second passive regions including one of sol-gel and SiO.sub.2 surrounded by cladding including one of sol-gel and SiO.sub.2. The cladding in the passive regions having a first refractive index, the waveguide core in both regions having a second refractive index at least 0.01 higher than the first refractive index. The waveguide core in the active region including sol-gel, a cladding layer of sol-gel positioned between the insulating layer and the waveguide core, the refractive index of the waveguide core is at least 0.01 higher than the refractive index of the cladding layer.

A switchable window includes an electro-optical layer of or including an anisotropic gel of polymer stabilized highly chiral liquid crystal, for example, blue phase liquid crystal, encapsulated in, for example, a mesogenic polymer inclusive shell, that forms a self-assembled, three-dimensional photonic crystal that remains electro-optically switchable under a moderate applied voltage (e.g., electric field). The liquid crystal (LC) arrangement may be achieved via a polymer assembled blue phase liquid crystal system having a substantially continuous polymer structure case surrounding well-defined discrete bodies of liquid crystal material arranged in a cellular manner. These assembled structures globally connect to form a matrix. This provides for reduction of angular birefringence of highly chiral LC systems, which advantageously reduces haze in applications such as switchable windows.

A cover window includes: a polymer film, a first hard coating layer on the polymer film, a first inorganic layer facing the polymer film with the first hard coating layer therebetween, and a second inorganic layer on the polymer film and defining an outer surface of the cover window.

A wavelength conversion optical device includes: a substrate having a virtual plane and first and second regions and including multiple first crystal regions and multiple second crystal regions. Each of the multiple first crystal regions includes a pair of portions arranged in a direction intersecting a first plane with the first plane interposed therebetween, the first plane being located in the first region, and directions of spontaneous polarizations of each of the pair of portions being directions away from the first plane. Each of the multiple second crystal regions includes a pair of portions arranged in a direction intersecting a second plane with the second plane interposed therebetween, the second plane being located in the second region. Directions of spontaneous polarizations of each of the pair of portions being directions away from the second plane.

A silane coupling material according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is represented by the following general formula (1) and includes hydrocarbon groups having numbers of carbon atoms different from each other in A and B.

An active IR camouflage device may include a base layer, a first dielectric layer over the base layer, a phase transition material layer over the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer over the phase transition material layer, and a first metal layer over the second dielectric layer and defining a pattern of openings therein. The active IR camouflage device may have circuitry configured to selectively cause a transition from a first phase state to a second phase state of the phase transition material layer to control IR reflectance/emission of a top plasmonic layer, making it appear/disappear from the IR detector/camera. In some embodiments, the active IR camouflage device may also include a second metal layer between the base layer and the first dielectric layer.

A privacy glazing structure may include an electrically controllable optically active material, such as a liquid crystal material, sandwiched between a flexible substrate and a rigid substrate. The flexible substrate and the rigid substrate may each have a conductive layer deposited on the surface facing the optically active material. The flexible substrate may be bonded about its perimeter to the rigid substrate and may be sufficiently flexible to conform to non-planarity of the rigid substrate. As a result, the flexible substrate may adopt the surface contour of the rigid substrate to maintain a uniform thickness of optically active material between the flexible substrate and the rigid substrate.