An ultrahigh-resolution mid-infrared (MIR) dual-comb spectroscopy (DCS) measurement device includes a pump unit, a microring resonator (MRR) unit, a modulation unit, a splitting unit, a testing unit, a signal detection unit, a power balance unit, a reference detection unit and a spectral analysis unit. The measurement method includes: adjusting the laser emitted by the pump unit to the MRR unit; adjusting the modulation unit and performing dual-frequency modulation; generating two sets of MIR optical frequency combs (OFCs) with different repetition rates and splitting the MIR OFCs into the test light and the reference light; performing photoelectric conversion on the test light and injecting the test light to the spectral analysis unit; performing photoelectric conversion on the reference light and injecting the reference light to the spectral analysis unit; and performing Fourier transformation and data processing on test results to obtain absorption spectrum of the to-be-tested sample.

The systems described herein can be used to modulate either the phase, the amplitude, or both of an input light wave using micro-resonators to achieve desired degrees and/or types of modulation.

A bi-directional signal interface includes a first and second port configured to pass transmit RF signals and receive RF signals. A MZI includes a first traveling wave electrode connected to the first bidirectional signal port and a second traveling wave electrode connected to the second bidirectional signal port. A coupler has an input connected to a transmit input port, a first output connected to the first traveling wave electrode, and a second output connected to a second end of the second traveling wave electrode. A laser provides an optical signal to the MZI. An optical filter is coupled to an output of the MZI and preserves the optical carrier and the modulation sideband at the second frequency and rejects the modulation sideband at the first frequency. A detector converts light received from the filter to the receive RF signal and a suppressed level of the transmit RF signal.

An optical device is described. The optical device includes a waveguide, a first engineered electrode, and a second engineered electrode. The waveguide includes at optical material(s) having an electro-optic effect. The optical material(s) include lithium. A portion of the waveguide has a waveguide width. The first engineered electrode includes a first channel region and first extensions protruding from the first channel region. The first extensions are closer to the portion of the waveguide than the first channel region is. The second engineered electrode includes a second channel region and second extensions protruding from the second channel region. The second extensions are closer to the portion of the waveguide than the second channel region is. A first extension of the first extensions is a distance from a second extension of the second \extensions. The distance is less than the waveguide width.

An optical device includes a substrate, an oxide layer on the substrate and an electro-optic device on the oxide layer. The oxide layer is at least one micrometer thick. The electro-optic device includes an electro-optic material having a thickness of not more than one micrometer. The silicon substrate, oxide layer, and the electro-optic material terminate at an edge. At least one of the silicon substrate has a thickness of at least five hundred micrometers or the edge includes a recessed region corresponding to a portion of the oxide layer.

To provide an optical waveguide device that is small, has low optical loss, and has long-term stability. Provided is an optical waveguide device in which an optical waveguide A (20) is formed on a first substrate (2), an end portion of the first substrate has an input portion that inputs a light wave into the optical waveguide A or an output portion that outputs a light wave from the optical waveguide A, an optical waveguide B (10) is formed on a second substrate (1), the second substrate has an optical modulation portion that modulates a light wave propagating through the optical waveguide B, and at least a part of the optical waveguide A (20) has a conversion portion (20) that converts an optical mode field diameter.

An optical modulation element is provided with a substrate, a waveguide layer formed on the substrate, a dielectric layer formed on the waveguide layer, and an electrode formed on the dielectric layer. An outer peripheral end portion of the dielectric layer has an offset area positioned inside an outer peripheral end portion of the substrate. In at least a part of the offset area, a distance from the outer peripheral end portion of the substrate to the outer peripheral end portion of the dielectric layer is equal to or less than a distance from the outer peripheral end portion of the substrate to the outer peripheral end portion of the electrode.

According to the present invention, a pulsed laser output section outputs a laser beam having a predetermined wavelength as first pulses. An optical path determining section receives the first pulses and determines one or more among two or more optical paths for each of the first pulses for output. A wavelength changing section receives light beams travelling, respectively, through the two or more optical paths and, when the power of the traveling light beams exceeds a threshold value, changes the light beams to have their respective different wavelengths for output. A multiplexer multiplexes outputs from the wavelength changing section. The optical path determining section allows for change in the power ratio between a first power of the light beam traveling through one of two among the two or more optical paths and a second power of the light beam traveling through the other of the two optical paths.

Disclosed is a device for interaction between a laser beam and a hyperfine energy transition of a chemical species. The device further includes an electro-optic modulator with a single sideband with an input optical waveguide suitable for receiving a source laser beam and an output optical waveguide suitable for generating an output laser beam and an electronic system suitable for generating and applying, simultaneously, a first modulated electrical signal, sin(Ω.sub.1t)) to a first hyperfrequency pulse on a first high-frequency electrode of the electro-optic modulator and, respectively, another modulated electrical signal, cos(Ω.sub.1t)) to the first pulse on another high-frequency electrode of the electro-optic modulator, in such a way as to frequency-switch the output laser beam to a first optical frequency offset from the first pulse with respect to the initial optical frequency.

A fiber-to-fiber system for multi-layer ferroelectric on insulator waveguide devices is described. The system comprises a fiber-to-chip coupler that couples light from a standard optical fiber to multi-layer ferroelectric on insulator waveguides. The multi-layer ferroelectric on insulator waveguides are integrated with electrodes to implement an optical device, an electro-optical device, or a non-linear optical device, such as an electro-optical modulator, with microwave and optical waveguide crossings compatible with packaging. A second fiber-to-chip coupler outputs the light from the multi-layer ferroelectric on insulator device to a standard optical fiber.