A display may have a pixel array such as a liquid crystal pixel array. The pixel array may be illuminated with backlight illumination from a direct-lit backlight unit. The backlight unit may include an array of light-emitting diodes on a printed circuit board. The backlight unit may include first, second, and third light spreading layers formed over the array of light-emitting diodes. A color conversion layer may be formed over the first, second, and third light spreading layers. First and second brightness enhancement films may be formed over the color conversion layer.

A film, in which a phase transition material is not applied on an entire surface thereof and a pattern form is provided so that the aesthetically superior film of which a color is not cloudy but bright may be obtained and which has a high visible light transmittance as well as superior thermochromic properties, and a smart window including the same.

A backlight module and a display device including the backlight module are provided. The backlight module comprises a substrate and a plurality of miniature LEDs arranged on the substrate. The plurality of miniature LEDs comprise a miniature LED array, the miniature LED array comprises a plurality of LED sub-arrays, and the lighting parameters of each LED sub-array in the miniature LED array are independently controlled.

A coated phosphor including: an inorganic phosphor particle; and a silicon oxide coating that coats the inorganic phosphor particle, wherein a molar ratio (O/Si) of an oxygen atom to a silicon atom in the silicon oxide coating through ICP emission spectroscopy of the coated phosphor is 2.60 or less.

A quantum dot lens, a backlight module, a display device and a manufacturing method of the quantum dot lens are provided. The quantum dot lens includes: a first lens, which is a convex lens and is provided with a first lens surface; a second lens, which is a concave lens and is provided with a second lens surface opposite to the first lens surface; and a quantum dot fluorescent resin layer, provided between the first lens surface and the second lens surface, and including more than one quantum dot fluorescent material. With the above structure, the quantum dot lens has a simple manufacturing process and ease of mass production, saves the quantum dot fluorescent material, and solves the problems of poor consistency and blue light leakage of existing quantum dot lenses.

A method of manufacturing a display device includes: discharging ink onto a substrate including a main partition wall for partitioning a color filter area and a dummy accommodation area adjacent to the color filter area; generating main position information by detecting a position of the first erroneous ink discharged on the main partition wall; disposing a hydrophobic plate so as to be adjacent to the first erroneous ink, based on the main position information; bringing the hydrophobic plate into contact with the main partition wall; and then moving the hydrophobic plate to the dummy accommodation area, to accommodate the first erroneous ink in the dummy accommodation area.

A display device includes a first display unit and a second display unit. The first display unit emits a red light having a first output spectrum corresponding to a highest gray level of the display device. The second display unit emits a blue light having a second output spectrum corresponding to the highest gray level of the display device. An intensity integral of the first output spectrum within a range from 380 nm to 780 nm is defined as a first intensity integral, an intensity integral of the second output spectrum within a range from 511 nm to 597 nm is defined as a second intensity integral, and a ratio of the second intensity integral to the first intensity integral is greater than 0% and less than or equal to 29.0%.

Provided are an optical modulation device, a method of operating the same, and an apparatus including the optical modulation device. The optical modulation device may include a mirror area, a nano-antenna area, and an active area located between the mirror area and the nano-antenna area, and a plurality of first electrodes and a plurality of second electrodes for changing physical properties of the active area may intersect each other to form a cross-point array structure. The plurality of first electrodes may be included in the mirror area or may be provided separately from the mirror area. The plurality of second electrodes may be included in the nano-antenna area and may be provided separately from the nano-antenna area.

Disclosed is a backlight unit using a mini light-emitting diode (LED) or a micro LED as a light source according to various embodiments of the present invention. The backlight unit may comprise: a color conversion sheet for converting the color of light emitted from the mini LED or the micro LED; a first diffusion lens sheet disposed on one side of the color conversion sheet and having a plurality of first lenses having a triangular pyramid shape formed to be arranged in a first direction on one surface thereof; and a second diffusion lens sheet disposed on one side of the first diffusion lens sheet, and having a plurality of second lenses having a triangular pyramid shape formed to be arranged in a second direction on one surface thereof.

A display panel includes a first substrate which includes a display device and a second substrate which is disposed on the first substrate. The second substrate covers a base layer, a color filter layer, a first sealing layer, a color control layer, a step compensating layer, and a second sealing layer. The base layer includes a display area and a non-display area adjacent to the display area. The color filter layer overlaps the display area in a plan view, and is disposed under the base layer. The first sealing layer covers the color filter layer. The color control layer overlaps the display area in the plan view, and is disposed under the first sealing layer. The step compensating layer overlaps the non-display area in the plan view, and is disposed under the base layer. The second sealing layer covers the color control layer and the step compensating layer.