In an electro-optical device, a temperature detection element is provided on a first substrate having a pixel region, on which a plurality of pixel electrodes are provided, in a position overlapping a light shielding portion that is formed on a second substrate so as to surround the pixel region. Further, the first substrate is provided with an electrostatic protection circuit that includes a semiconductor element and is electrically coupled to the temperature detection element. The semiconductor element is disposed in a position which is farther distanced from the center of the pixel region than the temperature detection element is, and at which a temperature is lower than a temperature at a position in which the temperature detection element is provided.

An image forming panel device according to the present disclosure includes a panel unit including a first surface and a second surface on the opposite side of the first surface and including a panel configured to emit image light, a first metal frame disposed around an image forming region on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the panel unit and having thermal conductivity, and a first planar heat generating body provided on a surface on the opposite side of a side where the panel unit is provided in the first metal frame and including a first heat generating wire for supplying heat to the entire periphery of the first metal frame.

A wavelength conversion device includes a nonlinear optical medium and a controller. The nonlinear optical medium configured to generate light from signal light and excitation light, the excitation light having a wavelength different from a wavelength of the signal light and having a second electric field strength than a first electric field strength of the signal light, the light having a wavelength different from a wavelengths of the signal light and the excitation light. The controller configured to control a first temperature of the nonlinear optical medium based on an intensity of the light.

A method and circuit for operating a liquid crystal device, LCD, based polarisation rotator. The method comprises the steps of tracking a capacitance value of the LCD rotator; and controlling a driver setting to the LCD rotator based on the tracked capacitance value to achieve temperature independent operation.

A control system for thermo optical control of focus position of an energy beam in an additive manufacturing apparatus has a first doped medium and a second doped medium, each of which is optically transparent and doped with a dopant. The first doped medium has a positive thermo-optical coefficient (dn/dT) and the second doped medium has a negative thermo-optical coefficient (dn/dT) and is in series with the first doped medium. An energy beam input or coupling is configured to generate or receive an energy beam that is required to be controlled, the energy beam being within a first wavelength range and directed towards the first and second doped mediums. An absorbed beam input or coupling is configured to generate or receive at least one absorbed beam in a second wavelength range which is different from the first wavelength range, the absorbed beam being directed towards the first and second doped mediums. The first and second doped mediums have a higher beam absorption characteristic in the second wavelength range than in the first wavelength range, causing the absorbed beam to have a higher absorption than the energy beam in the first and second doped mediums and the first and second doped mediums each have a coating which allows transmission at both the first and the second wavelength ranges.

A light source device, a backlight module and a liquid crystal display device are provided. The backlight module includes a prism structure, wherein the prism structure includes a substrate, prismatic tooth portions and a transparent sealing portion which are arranged in a stacked manner; and the transparent sealing portion seals the prismatic tooth portions, and the space between the prismatic tooth portions and the transparent sealing portion is a vacuum space.

Display apparatuses are disclosed. In one arrangement, a display apparatus comprises a plurality of pixel units. Each pixel unit comprises: an optically switchable element; a heater operable to apply heating to the optically switchable element and thereby change an optical property of the optically switchable element; and a drive unit for driving the heater in response to a drive signal. The drive unit is provided within a first layer. The optically switchable elements and heaters of the plurality of pixel units are separated from the first layer by at least a portion of a second layer. An average thermal conductivity of the second layer is lower than an average thermal conductivity of the first layer.

An optical waveguide device including an optical waveguide substrate that has an electro-optic effect, is a crystal having anisotropy in thermal expansion rate, has a thickness set to 10 μm or lower, and includes an optical waveguide and a holding substrate that holds the optical waveguide substrate, the optical waveguide substrate and the holding substrate being joined to each other, in which the holding substrate is formed of a crystal having a lower dielectric constant than the optical waveguide substrate and having anisotropy in thermal expansion rate, and the optical waveguide substrate and the holding substrate are joined to each other such that differences in thermal expansion rate between the optical waveguide substrate and the holding substrate become small in different axial directions on a joint surface.

A wavelength conversion device includes a nonlinear optical medium and a controller. The nonlinear optical medium configured to generate light from signal light and excitation light, the excitation light having a wavelength different from a wavelength of the signal light and having a second electric field strength than a first electric field strength of the signal light, the light having a wavelength different from a wavelengths of the signal light and the excitation light. The controller configured to control a first temperature of the nonlinear optical medium based on an intensity of the light.

An array substrate, a display panel including the same, and a display device are provided. The array substrate includes: a base substrate and a planarization layer on the base substrate. A first conductive layer is disposed on a side of the planarization layer away from the base substrate. A first passivation layer is disposed on a side of the first conductive layer and the side of the planarization layer not being covered by the first conductive layer, away from the base substrate, and provided with a plurality of stress release openings. An insulating layer is disposed in the stress release openings and on a side of the first passivation layer away from the planarization layer. A second conductive layer is disposed on a side of the insulating layer away from the planarization layer.