The present disclosure discloses a time division multiplexing closed loop feedback thermal control method and system, and the method is applicable to a system comprising k integrated photonic devices. The method comprises: acquiring, by a temperature control unit, refractive index information of an i-th integrated photonic device in a time division multiplexing manner, refractive indexes of the integrated photonic devices varying with temperature, 1ik; and adjusting, by the temperature control unit, a temperature of the i-th integrated photonic device when the refractive index of the i-th integrated photonic device is not equal to a desired value to control the refractive index of the i-th integrated photonic device to be maintained at the desired value. When the integrated chip includes multiple photonic devices, a temperature control unit is shared in a time division multiplexing manner, which reduces the overall power consumption of the system.

A display device includes a processor and a display panel. The processor is configured to output multiple display signals. The display panel includes multiple display units and multiple temperature sensors. The display units are electrically coupled to the processor and configured to receive the multiple display signals to provide a display screen. The temperature sensors are electrical coupled to the processor and configured to detect the temperature of different areas of the display panel so as to transmit multiple detection signals to the processor so that the processor adjusts at least one of the display signals.

A wavefront of a light beam that exits an acousto-optic material is estimated; a control signal for an acousto-optic system that includes the acousto-optic material is generated, the control signal being based on the estimated wavefront of the light beam; and the control signal is applied to the acousto-optic system to generate a frequency-chirped acoustic wave that propagates in the acousto-optic material, the frequency-chirped acoustic wave forming a transient diffractive element in the acousto-optic material, an interaction between the transient diffractive element and the light beam adjusting the wavefront of the light beam to compensate for a distortion of the wavefront of the light beam, the distortion of the wavefront being at least partially caused by a physical effect in the acousto-optic material.

An integrated high speed electro-optical control loop for very high-speed linearization and temperature compensation of an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) for analog optical data center interconnect applications is disclosed. The control loop can function in a stable manner because the electronics and optical components are monolithically integrated on a single substrate in small form factor. Because of the small size enabled by monolithic integration, the temperatures of the optical blocks and electronics blocks are tightly coupled, and the control loop time delays and phase delays are small enough to be stable, even for very high frequency operation. This arrangement enables a low cost, low power analog transmitter implementation for data center optical interconnect applications using advanced modulation schemes, such as PAM-4 and DP-QPSK.

A polarizing plate is laminated onto a surface of a substrate, for converting the light passing through the substrate into a polarized light. The polarizing plate includes a polarizing layer provided with a laminating adhesive on a side of the polarizing layer, being laminated to the substrate by the laminating adhesive. A removable adhesive is disposed on a side of the polarizing layer opposite to the laminating adhesive, and is removable by an adjustment of an environmental temperature for lamination. A protective layer is laminated to the polarizing layer through the removable adhesive so as to support and protect the polarizing layer.

An electrochromic module and a driving method for an electrochromic are provided. The electrochromic module has an electrochromic device provided so as to be colored or bleached depending on an applied drive voltage, a sensing part for sensing an external temperature of the electrochromic device, a control part for determining an application time of a voltage satisfying a particular Relation Equation depending on the sensed external temperature, and a power supply part for applying a voltage to the electrochromic device by the determined application time.

A Pockels cell that includes two similar electro-optical crystals oriented to achieve temperature compensation on a horizontal metal base common to the two crystals, and a carrier structure. It includes, between the base and the carrier structure, a thermally conductive element, which has a configuration that is symmetric about a vertical plane passing between the two crystals, in order to symmetrically distribute, to the base, a heat flux generated in the carrier structure asymmetrically with respect to the vertical plane.

According to an aspect, a light emitting device includes a base that includes at least a frame body; a light source that emits light; and a temperature sensor with which the base is provided and that detects changes in temperature of the light source. A space is provided between the temperature sensor and a portion of the base corresponding to a portion in which the temperature sensor is provided.

A liquid-crystal variable retarder has first and second liquid-crystal cells with respective first and second thicknesses, the second thickness being less than the first thickness. A feedback sensor provides a feedback signal indicative of a retardance of the liquid-crystal variable retarder. A controller is coupled to the feedback sensor and the first and second liquid-crystal cells. The controller is operable to apply a first signal to the first liquid-crystal cell based on a target retardance trajectory and a feedforward control model. The controller applies a second signal to the second liquid-crystal cell based on the feedback signal and the target retardance trajectory.

The liquid crystal drive apparatus includes a tone setter that sets drive tones depending on input tones that are tones of an input image, a driver that controls, depending on the drive tones, a voltage applied to each of multiple pixels of a liquid crystal element to a first voltage or a second voltage lower than the first voltage in respective multiple sub-frame periods included in one frame period to cause that pixel to form a tone or controls a drive voltage applied to each of the multiple pixels, and a temperature detector that detects a temperature of or around the liquid crystal element. The tone setter changes, when the input tones include a first tone and a second tone higher than the first tone, the drive tone for the second tone depending on the detected temperature.