Embodiments of synthetic garnet materials having advantageous properties, especially for below resonance frequency applications, are disclosed herein. In particular, embodiments of the synthetic garnet materials can have high Curie temperatures and dielectric constants while maintaining low magnetization. These materials can be incorporated into isolators and circulators, such as for use in telecommunication base stations.

An electronic device may have a display such as a liquid crystal display. The display may have an array of pixels that display images to a user. Backlight structures may provide the array of pixels with backlight illumination at a backlight illumination level. The backlight structures may have a light source with an array of light-emitting diodes and photoluminescent material that is pumped by pump light from the light-emitting diodes. The backlight illumination may experience color variations as a function of the backlight illumination level. Circuitry in the electronic device may be used to implement a backlight level color compensator. The backlight level color compensator may apply color correction factors to the image data of the displayed images to compensate for variations in color of the image data due to variations in backlight illumination level and operating temperature.

The optical device includes a waveguide positioned on a base and a modulator positioned on the base. The modulator includes an electro-absorption medium. The waveguide is configured to guide a light signal through the modulator such that the light signal is guided through the electro-absorption medium. A heater is positioned on the electro-absorption medium such that the electro-absorption medium is between the base and the heater.

A light guide plate (LGP) includes a positioning block that includes a positioning block body and a liquid filled and hermetically sealed in a receiving compartment formed in the interior of the positioning block body. The liquid is expandable with a drop of temperature so as to increase a volume thereof and thus enlarge a size of the positioning block body through elasticity of the positioning block body. In this way, the LGP positioning block is adjustable with the variation of the surrounding temperature so as to achieve effective positioning of the light guide plate and providing high reliability of a liquid crystal display device including the light guide plate.

A method for manufacturing a light guide plate (LGP) positioning block thereof includes providing a positioning block body of a LGP positioning block and filling and sealing a liquid in a receiving compartment formed in the interior of the positioning block body. The liquid is expandable with a drop of temperature so as to increase a volume thereof and thus enlarge a size of the positioning block body through elasticity of the positioning block body. In this way, the LGP positioning block is adjustable with the variation of the surrounding temperature so as to achieve effective positioning of the light guide plate and providing high reliability of a liquid crystal display device including the light guide plate.

A laser apparatus includes a semiconductor laser of which a drive condition is controlled according to a plurality of types of drive currents and a controller which controls the drive condition such that a sum of the drive currents is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold value.

A simultaneous temperature- and wavelength-insensitive parametric amplifier comprising a pump laser, a signal laser, and a crystal amplifier. The pump laser system on a first optical pathway includes a Nd:YVO.sub.4 laser oscillator-regenerative amplifier and a Nd:YAG boost amplifier. The pump laser beam is generated from the pump laser system, passes through the first image-relay system, and is frequency-doubled in the frequency-doubling crystal. The signal laser system on a second optical pathway comprises a Ti:sapphire regenerative amplifier and generates the signal laser beam, which passes through the pulse stretcher and is temporally chirped and imposed with an angular dispersion by the first grating. The chirped signal beam and pump laser beam are intersected with a noncollinear angle of >5 in the crystal amplifier for temperature-insensitive phase-matching (PM). By optimizing grating constant of the first grating, the chirped signal is imposed with appropriate amount of angular dispersion for wavelength-insensitive PM.

The invention relates to an optical isolator comprising a polarizer adapted to polarize a beam of incident light to form a beam of polarized light, an analyzer adapted to transmit said beam of polarized light and to polarize back-reflected light, a magneto-optical element disposed between the polarizer and the analyzer, which magneto-optical element rotates the polarization direction of said beam of polarized light, and a magnet generating a magnetic field penetrating said magneto-optical element. It is an object of the invention to provide a temperature-compensated optical isolator that achieves a high degree of isolation at a minimum insertion loss over a given temperature range, without any need of manual tuning. The invention proposes to make provision for an automatic actuator mechanically connected to said magneto-optical element to move said magneto-optical element relative to said magnet in response to a temperature variation or in response to a variation of the wavelength of the incident light. Alternatively, the automatic actuator may be mechanically connected to said magnet to move said magnet relative to said magneto-optical element.

A display device may include a pixel and a light shutter. The pixel may include a first region and a second region. The light shutter may be disposed in the second region. The light shutter may include a first electrode, a heat generation layer disposed on the first electrode, and a phase change layer disposed on the heat generation layer. The phase change layer may include a phase change material of which optical property is changed depending on temperature.

An active matrix substrate includes: a first inorganic insulating film (first insulating layer) provided on a gate insulating film (insulating film); an organic insulating film (second insulating layer) provided on the first inorganic insulating film and having a thermal expansion coefficient different from that of the first inorganic insulating film; and a second inorganic insulating film (third insulating layer) provided in such a manner as to cover the organic insulating film and partially contacting the first inorganic insulating film. A notch is provided above the gate insulating film and in a portion of the second inorganic insulating film where the organic insulating film is not present.