When a semiconductor device including a transistor in which a gate electrode layer, a gate insulating film, and an oxide semiconductor film are stacked and a source and drain electrode layers are provided in contact with the oxide semiconductor film is manufactured, after the formation of the gate electrode layer or the source and drain electrode layers by an etching step, a step of removing a residue remaining by the etching step and existing on a surface of the gate electrode layer or a surface of the oxide semiconductor film and in the vicinity of the surface is performed. The surface density of the residue on the surface of the oxide semiconductor film or the gate electrode layer can be 110.sup.13 atoms/cm.sup.2 or lower.

A cholesteric liquid crystal writing board comprises a cholesteric liquid crystal device, a photo-sensing array layer and a mode control unit. The photo-sensing array layer is disposed at one side of the light-emitting surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal device. The photo-sensing array layer comprises a plurality of gate control lines and a plurality of mode control lines. The mode control unit comprises a main control circuitry and a plurality of mode switches coupled to the main control circuitry. Each mode switch is coupled to one of the mode control lines correspondingly. The gate control lines intersect with the mode control lines so as to define a plurality of light sensing areas arranged in an array. Each light sensing area has a switch element and a light-sensing element. The main control circuitry controls each mode switch to be switched between a voltage output mode and a voltage write mode.

A display device includes a backlight module, a liquid crystal layer, a lower polarizer, an upper polarizer, and a retardation layer. The liquid crystal layer is disposed on a lighting side of the backlight module while the lower polarizer is disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the backlight module. The upper polarizer is disposed on a side of the liquid crystal layer opposite to the lower polarizer, and the retardation layer is between the upper and lower polarizers. The retardation layer has a retardation area that may modulates the light passing through the lower polarizer and make the light passes through the upper polarizer.

A liquid crystal display device comprises: a first liquid crystal cell being a lateral electric field driven type; a second liquid crystal cell being a lateral electric field driven type; a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate, which are disposed so as to sandwich the first liquid crystal cell; and a third polarizing plate and a fourth polarizing plate, which are disposed so as to sandwich the second liquid crystal cell. The liquid crystal display device is configured such that rotation of a liquid crystal molecule of the first liquid crystal cell and rotation of a liquid crystal molecule of the second liquid crystal cell cancel and compensate for a hue change of the first liquid crystal cell or the second liquid crystal cell when viewed from a predetermined direction.

One object is to provide a semiconductor device including an oxide semiconductor, which has stable electric characteristics and high reliability. Another object is to manufacture a highly reliable semiconductor device in a high yield. In a top-gate staggered transistor including an oxide semiconductor film, as a first gate insulating film in contact with the oxide semiconductor film, a silicon oxide film is formed by a plasma CVD method with use of a deposition gas containing silicon fluoride and oxygen; and as a second gate insulating film stacked over the first gate insulating film, a silicon oxide film is formed by a plasma CVD method with use of a deposition gas containing silicon hydride and oxygen.

An electro-optical device includes a display panel including a liquid crystal layer interposed between a pair of substrates, and in the electro-optical device, a normal display mode and a refresh mode serving as a specific display mode in which the display panel is set to have a predefined temperature higher than ordinary temperature and lower than an Ni point of the liquid crystal layer and is energized in display where brightness becomes homogeneous in a screen are selectable.

A cholesteric liquid crystal writing board comprises a cholesteric liquid crystal device, a photo-sensing array layer and a mode control unit. The photo-sensing array layer is disposed at one side of the light-emitting surface of the cholesteric liquid crystal device. The photo-sensing array layer comprises a plurality of gate control lines and a plurality of mode control lines. The mode control unit comprises a main control circuitry and a plurality of mode switches coupled to the main control circuitry. Each mode switch is coupled to one of the mode control lines correspondingly. The gate control lines intersect with the mode control lines so as to define a plurality of light sensing areas arranged in an array. Each light sensing area has a switch element and a light-sensing element. The main control circuitry controls each mode switch to be switched between a voltage output mode and a voltage write mode.

A light shielding apparatus that may transmit or shield light by using a plurality of PDLC layers, a method of fabricating the light shielding apparatus, and a transparent display device including the light shielding apparatus are discussed. The light shielding apparatus can include first and second substrates facing each other; a first electrode on the first substrate; a second electrode on the second substrate; and first and second polymer dispersed liquid crystal layers between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the first polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer includes first droplets having first liquid crystals, and the second polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer includes second droplets having second liquid crystals and first dichroic dyes.

The present disclosure provides a display panel, an operating method thereof and a display device. The display panel includes first substrate and second substrate disposed opposite to each other, liquid crystal layer disposed between first substrate and second substrate, orthogonal polarization layer disposed on a side of first substrate facing towards liquid crystal layer, and first absorbent layer disposed on a side of first substrate facing away from liquid crystal layer. When no electric field is loaded, both liquid crystal layer and orthogonal polarization layer transmit light with first polarization direction. When electric field is loaded, liquid crystal layer converts incident light with first polarization direction into emergent light with second polarization direction which is orthogonal to first polarization direction, and the orthogonal polarization layer reflects the light with the second polarization direction. The first absorbent layer absorbs the light incident thereon.

The present disclosure provides a liquid crystal grating, a method for driving the liquid crystal grating, and a display device. In the embodiments of the present disclosure, by applying the second voltage and the third voltage that are mutually inverted with respect to the common electrode voltage, the situation in which a single phase voltage is applied to all grating electrodes corresponding to the power-on optical state can be avoided. Due to the capacitance of liquid crystal, the influence of the second voltage on the common electrode voltage and the influence of the third voltage on the common electrode voltage cancel each other out. Therefore, the fluctuation of the common electrode voltage caused by the capacitance of liquid crystal can be effectively reduced or eliminated, thereby avoiding the failure of the liquid crystal grating.