A distance measuring camera 1 includes a first optical system for collecting light from a subject to form a first subject image, a second optical system for collecting the light from the subject to form a second subject image, an imaging part for imaging the first subject image formed by the first optical system and the second subject image formed by the second optical system, and a distance calculating part 4 for calculating a distance to the subject based on the first subject image and the second subject image imaged by the imaging part S. The first optical system and the second optical system are configured so that a change of a magnification of the first subject image according to the distance to the subject is different from a change of a magnification of the second subject image according to the distance to the subject.

A distance measuring camera 1 includes a first optical system for collecting light from a subject to form a first subject image, a second optical system for collecting the light from the subject to form a second subject image, an imaging part for imaging the first subject image formed by the first optical system and the second subject image formed by the second optical system, and a distance calculating part 4 for calculating a distance to the subject based on the first subject image and the second subject image imaged by the imaging part S. The first optical system and the second optical system are configured so that a change of a magnification of the first subject image according to the distance to the subject is different from a change of a magnification of the second subject image according to the distance to the subject.

An example lighting assembly may comprise: a mounting frame comprising a plurality of vertical bars positioned on an imaginary cylindrical surface; a plurality of horizontal joists attached to the vertical bars; a plurality of lighting fixtures attached to the mounting frame; and a plurality of camera mounts attached to the mounting frame; wherein the lighting fixtures and camera mounts are positioned to form a pre-defined grid configuration.

Multi-aperture zoom digital cameras comprising first and second scanning cameras having respective first and second native fields of view (FOV) and operative to scan a scene in respective substantially parallel first and second planes over solid angles larger than the respective native FOV, wherein the first and second cameras have respective centers that lie on an axis that is perpendicular to the first and second planes and are separated by a distance B from each other, and a camera controller operatively coupled to the first and second scanning cameras and configured to control the scanning of each camera.

A system for depth estimation, comprises at least a first and a second depth estimation optical systems, each configured for receiving a light beam from a scene and estimating depths within the scene, wherein the first system is a monocular depth estimation optical system; and an image processor, configured for receiving depth information from the first and second systems, and generating a depth map or a three-dimensional image of the scene based on the received depth information.

Provided is an image processing apparatus that includes a long-time exposure distance image generation unit that captures an image with long-time exposure, calculates a parallax from a first long-time exposure image and a second long-time exposure image from a first long-time exposure camera and a second long-time exposure camera disposed at a predetermined interval, and generates a long-time exposure distance image. The image processing apparatus further includes a short-time exposure distance image generation unit that captures an image with short-time exposure, calculates a parallax from a first short-time exposure image and a second short-time exposure image from a first short-time exposure camera and a second short-time exposure camera disposed at a predetermined interval, and generates a short-time exposure distance image, and a distance image generation unit that combines the long-time exposure distance image with the short-time exposure distance image to generate a distance image.

A method for detecting demineralization of a tooth substance, including the steps of irradiating (S101) a structured light pattern onto the tooth substance; detecting (S102) a light intensity of the light pattern remitted from the volume of the tooth substance; and determining (S103) demineralization of the tooth substance based on the detected light intensity.

A method for detecting demineralization of a tooth substance, including the steps of irradiating (S101) a structured light pattern onto the tooth substance; detecting (S102) a light intensity of the light pattern remitted from the volume of the tooth substance; and determining (S103) demineralization of the tooth substance based on the detected light intensity.

A system and method for cleaning a dish, comprising: illuminating said dish with a light source; capturing an image of said dish with a camera; inspecting said image to determine if said dish is clean; and estimating locations of dirty regions on said dish; spraying a fluid with a first nozzle on said dish with a predetermined spray distribution, wherein said first nozzle can reorient or relocate to spray said fluid on any region of said dish visible in said image; and spraying a fluid with a second nozzle on said dish with a spray distribution having a smaller coverage than that of said first nozzle, wherein said second nozzle is relocated or reoriented such that the fluid reaches said dirty regions at said locations on said dish; whereby dirty regions of said dish are targeted for a fast and efficient cleaning of said dish.

A system and method for cleaning a dish, comprising: illuminating said dish with a light source; capturing an image of said dish with a camera; inspecting said image to determine if said dish is clean; and estimating locations of dirty regions on said dish; spraying a fluid with a first nozzle on said dish with a predetermined spray distribution, wherein said first nozzle can reorient or relocate to spray said fluid on any region of said dish visible in said image; and spraying a fluid with a second nozzle on said dish with a spray distribution having a smaller coverage than that of said first nozzle, wherein said second nozzle is relocated or reoriented such that the fluid reaches said dirty regions at said locations on said dish; whereby dirty regions of said dish are targeted for a fast and efficient cleaning of said dish.