Visibility of an optical film at the time of handling can be improved, and an antireflection region and a visible region can be easily formed on a surface of the optical film in an identical processing step. An optical film 1 includes a base material 11 having flexibility and a resin layer 12 laminated on at least one of surfaces of the base material 11. The resin layer 12 includes a concave-convex pattern region 2 in which a micro concave-convex structure 20 composed of a plurality of convexities 21 or concavities 22 arrayed at a pitch P less than or equal to a wavelength of visible light are formed and a strip-shaped line marker region 3 in which a plurality of ridge portions 31 arrayed at intervals from one another at a track pitch P.sub.t more than or equal to the wavelength of visible light are formed.

There is provided a method for fabricating a vertically tapered spot-size converter on a substrate, comprising: growing a waveguide core on the substrate; coating the waveguide core with a photoresist layer; placing a photomask having patterns at a negative focus offset point with respect to the photoresist layer, the patterns being defined by openings in the photomask, each opening having a cross-section comprising a region of constant width and at least one region of non-constant width, the non-constant width reducing in a direction extending away from the region of constant width; transferring the patterns of the photomask to the photoresist layer; providing the waveguide core with a vertically tapered profile, the vertically tapered profile being provided by the patterns of the photomask; growing a cladding layer over the waveguide core; and patterning and etching the cladding layer and the waveguide core, thereby defining the vertically tapered spot-size converter.

A lacquer composition is provided, comprising 20%-79.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a thiol compound having two or more thiol groups, 20%-79.9% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a compound having two or more carbon-carbon double bonds and 0.1%-10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a separating agent having an alkyl radical having 4-20 carbon atoms, where the alkyl radical is unsubstituted or fluorine-substituted and the alkyl radical is bonded to a functional group. Also provided are the use of this lacquer composition as a protective lacquer on an optical surface of an optical element in the production of the optical element, and an optical element comprising the protective lacquer.

The present invention includes pleated paper and planar paper coated with a fire suppressive ink, wherein the pleated paper is Kraft paper with a weight of 25 to 50 pounds, with pleat angles of about 88 to 92°, and pleat heights between approximately 3/32 of an inch and ⅛ of an inch, and the planar paper is Kraft paper with a weight of 40 to 60 pounds. The fire suppressive ink is preferably applied with a flexographic printing process and preferably comprises at least one inorganic fusible salt and an organic resin. The inventive pleated paper is an environmentally friendly packaging material with improved protective qualities, which can also shield items from fire, contain fires, and suppress fires to avoid thermal runaway. The inventive paper is particularly useful for packaging and shipping flammable items, such as lithium-ion batteries.

A lithographic method for making an out-of-plane optical coupler includes forming a photoresist layer of positive photoresist material over a substrate. The positive photoresist layer undergoes a flood exposure to light through a binary mask to pattern a latent image of a mirror blank in the photoresist layer. A laser beam is scanned over the latent image of the mirror blank to apply controlled dosages of light at specified locations to form a latent image of a planar mirror surface that is oriented at a prescribed non-zero angle to a plane in which the substrate extends. The positive photoresist material is developed so that a remaining portion of the developed positive photoresist material forms an out-of-plane optical coupler having a planar mirror surface that is oriented at the prescribed angle.

Provided is a film for application to a 3D sample, the film including a photoresist layer that has alignment or direction marks thereon. After the fine pattern of the photoresist layer or coat is exposed, the photoresist layer is applied to a desired position of the 3D sample by aligning the alignment or direction marks of the film with alignment or direction marks on the 3D sample. This allows for transfer of an appropriate fine pattern. Part or all of the thickness or area of the photoresist layer is developed to form projections or depressions in the photoresist layer before the film is applied to the 3D sample.

An optical device includes first and second planar substrates having respective first and second faces and including first and second diffractive structure disposed respectively on the first and second faces. First and second planar electrodes are disposed respectively on the first and second faces. A mount holds the second planar substrate parallel to the first planar substrate, with the second face adjacent to the first face and with the first and second planar electrodes in mutual proximity, while permitting the second planar substrate to move transversely relative to the first planar substrate. A control circuit is coupled to apply an electrical potential between the first and second planar electrodes with a voltage sufficient to shift the second diffractive structure transversely relative to the first diffractive structure.

A micro-optic cell design with randomly positioned lenslets is provided herein that uses statistical reconstruction of a micro-lens array. A method of making an optical element, which includes a micro-optic unit cell comprising one or more lenslets, is also disclosed.

Various embodiments provide a method for fabricating a couplable electro-optical device. In an example embodiment, the method includes fabricating at least one raw electro-optical device on a substrate; applying lens material to a working stamp; aligning the substrate and the working stamp; pressing the substrate onto the lens material until the distance between the substrate and the working stamp is a predetermined distance; and curing the lens material to form an integrated lens secured to the at least one electro-optical device on the substrate. An anti-reflective coating layer may be optionally applied on top of the molded lens. The couplable electro-optical device may be incorporated into a receiver, transmitter, and/or transceiver using passive alignment to align the couplable electro-optical device to an optical fiber.

A grating coupler may be fabricated by exposing a photopolymer layer to grating forming light for forming periodic refractive index variations in the photopolymer layer. The photopolymer layer may be exposed to apodization light for reducing an amplitude of the periodic refractive index variations in a spatially-selective manner. The apodization may also be achieved or facilitated by subjecting outer surface(s) of the photopolymer layer to a chemically reactive agent that causes the refractive index contrast to be reduced near the surface(s) of application. The apodized refractive index profile of the gratings facilitates the reduction of optical crosstalk between different gratings of the grating coupler.