The present disclosure provides mixtures, systems, and methods for printing a three-dimensional (3D) object. In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a mixture for printing a 3D object, comprising a plurality of granulated particles. In some aspects, the present disclosure provides a mixture for printing a 3D object, comprising a plurality of precursor compounds configured to react to form a plurality of particles.

In an example of a method for making a flow cell, a light sensitive material is deposited over a resin layer including depressions separated by interstitial regions, wherein the depressions overlie a first resin portion having a first thickness and the interstitial regions overlie a second resin portion having a second thickness that is greater than the first thickness. A predetermined ultraviolet light dosage that is based on the first and second thicknesses is directed through the resin layer, whereby the light sensitive material overlying the depressions is exposed to ultraviolet light and the second resin portion absorbs the ultraviolet light, thereby defining an altered light sensitive material at a first predetermined region over the resin layer. The altered light sensitive material is utilized to generate a functionalized layer at the first predetermined region or at a second predetermined region over the resin layer.

In an example of a method for making a flow cell, a metal material is sputtered over a transparent substrate including depressions separated by interstitial regions to form a metal film having a first thickness over the interstitial regions and having a second thickness over the depressions, the second thickness being about 30 nm or less and being at least ⅓ times smaller than the first thickness. A light sensitive material is deposited over the metal film; and the metal film is used to develop the light sensitive material through the transparent substrate to define an altered light sensitive material at a first predetermined region over the transparent substrate. The altered light sensitive material is utilized to generate a functionalized layer at the first predetermined region or at a second predetermined region over the transparent substrate.

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing an article made of a polymerized material including the steps of: —providing a vat of polymerizable material, transparent at least in the 400-800 nanometers wavelengths range, —irradiating the polymerizable material with a laser beam according to a predetermined pattern so as to polymerize the polymerizable material in order to form the article, the predetermined pattern being determined based on a three-dimension representation of the article with the positions in three dimensions of a plurality of volume units adapted to form together the article, the laser beam scanning the vat in three dimensions in order to be focused at each position of the volume units present in the predetermined pattern so as to initiate locally the polymerization of the polymerizable material at each of these positions.

A micro-optic cell design with randomly positioned lenslets is provided herein that uses statistical reconstruction of a micro-lens array. A method of making an optical element, which includes a micro-optic unit cell comprising one or more lenslets, is also disclosed.

Heterocyclic-functional resins, such as epoxides, oxetanes, cyclic carbonates, lactides and lactones, are used in radiation-curable formulations along with ethylenically unsaturated materials such as (meth)acrylates to achieve improved mechanical properties and/or lower shrinkage in the cured compositions prepared therefrom as compared to formulations containing the ethylenically unsaturated materials but no heterocyclic-functional resin. Polymerizable, ethylenically unsaturated metal complexes, such as Zn and Ca carboxylates prepared using unsaturated carboxylic acids or anhydrides, may be employed to effect thermal cure of the heterocyclic-functional resin component of such formulations, which are particularly useful in the production of 3D-printed articles and the like.

The present invention relates to a microstructure 20 having pores 22 on its surface or inside. The microstructure is a sheet containing an energy ray active resin 21. The pores 22 are formed in a vertical array and are in a formation pattern with a Talbot distance being specified by Formula 1 below:

Z.sub.T=(2nd.sup.2)/λ  [Formula 1] where Z.sub.T represents a Talbot distance (nm), n represents a refractive index, d represents a pitch distance (nm), and λ represents a light wavelength (nm). The pores have a periodic shape in the planar direction. Thus, the present invention provides three-dimensional microfabricated structures through which the periodicity is controlled.

A light-curable composition is provided which may be used as a photopolymerizable material in an additive manufacturing process. The additive manufacturing process involves heating the light-curable composition which has a viscosity at 20° C. of at least 20 Pa.Math.s. The light-curable composition includes a photopolymerizable matrix material, at least one thermoplastic polymer dissolved therein, and at least one photoinitiator. Polycaprolactone or a derivative thereof is used as the dissolved thermoplastic polymer.

A three-dimensional photonic crystal template on a reflective substrate displays a periodic patterned from multibeam interference lithography with constructive volumes of a cured photoresist composition and destructive volumes that are voids free of mass containing defects and where the reflective substrate is conductive. A method to generate the three-dimensional photonic crystal template includes using at least four laser beams of unequal intensity, oriented such that a dose of light controlled by the irradiation time generates the periodic pattern with a small dose, where the light reflected from the substrate is insufficient to activate a threshold quantity of photoinitiator in the destructive volumes for the formation of any anomalous condensed matter in the intended void volume.

Described herein are thermoset compositions and kits of compositions suitable for use in additive fabrication processes including high concentrations of urethane methacrylate oligomers having at least one polymerizable group, and a number average molecular weight from 750 to 4000 g/mol, an effective quantity of a monofunctional reactive diluent monomer, a defined concentration of a network building agent having a molecular weight that is lower than the urethane methacrylate oligomer, optionally a photoinitiator, and optionally, additives. Also disclosed are methods of creating three-dimensional parts via additive fabrication processes utilizing urethane methacrylate oligomer-centric compositions, wherein various exposure irradiances, cure temperatures, and oxygen content levels are prescribed, as well as the articles cured therefrom.