A fabrication method of transparent material is a method of processing a thermosetting transparent material including a disposing step of disposing an uncured thermosetting transparent material, a laser beam irradiation step of irradiating the disposed uncured thermosetting transparent material with a laser beam so that cavitation bubbles are generated in the uncured thermosetting transparent material, and a curing step of performing a curing process on the uncured thermosetting transparent material in which the cavitation bubbles are generated.

Devices, systems, and/or methodologies are provided for three dimensional printing, for example, additive manufacturing, wherein an array of energy patterning (e.g., light patterning) modules are used in conjunction with an automated positional control system to coordinate implementation of patterning modules of the array. Implementation of the array can be controlled by a sensory feed-back.

Various embodiments relate to forming particles using undercooled metal particles in response to focused low power laser light. Particle growth can be initiated by utilizing the metastable and liquid nature of the particles, allowing for surface instability promoted by the laser light to induce liquid flow to translate to a neighboring particle. This event can cascade radially leading to accumulation of the liquid metal at the epicenter. The grown solidified particle size can be varied by using different power, exposure time, or working distance. Once the liquid has accumulated into a single region, it eventually solidifies either through homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation to give a solid particle of larger size than the original. Such a method can be used to print patterns on a surface in four dimensions, where the fourth dimension (4D) is attained through gradient in size of the particles made. Additional systems and methods are disclosed.

The invention relates to a photo-curable liquid resin composition for 3D printing, its preparation process and use, and also to a method of forming a 3D-printed object by using the composition. By using the inventive composition for 3D printing, the improvement of the flexibility and elasticity of the cured composition can be achieved.

Disclosed is a method for lithographically producing a target structure on a non-planar initial structure by exposing a photoresist by means of a lithography beam. In the inventive method, the topography of a surface of the non-planar initial structure is detected. A test parameter for the lithography beam is used and an interaction of the lithography beam with the initial structure and the resultant change in the lithography beam and/or the target structure to be produced are determined. A correction parameter for the lithography beam is determined such that the change in the lithography beam and/or the target structure to be produced that is caused by the interaction of the lithography beam with the initial structure is reduced. The desired target structure on the initial structure is produced by exposing the photoresist by means of the lithography beam using the correction parameter.

A photopolymerizable composition comprises at least a polymerizable resin, a photosensitizer, an annihilator, and a photoinitiator. The photosensitizer is formulated to absorb an excitation light signal received in a first range of wavelengths. The annihilator is formulated to emit a light signal in a second range of wavelengths different from the first. During the absorption of light by the photosensitizer in the first range of wavelengths, the annihilator emits a light signal in the second range, a photon energy of the emitted light signal being greater than a photon energy of the light signal received by the photosensitizer. The annihilator is also formulated to implement an energy transfer mechanism to excite the photoinitiator for polymerization of the resin. The excited photoinitiator is formulated to generate at least one polymerizable initiator to cause the polymerization reaction. Related methods, such as three-dimensional printing methods, and materials are also disclosed.

Disclosed is a method of preparing polymer film-metal composites and uses of such composites. The metal can be in the form of a nanoparticle or a film. The methods comprise depositing on a surface, a composition comprising: a cationic metal precursor; a polymer film precursor that comprises a plurality of photopolymerizable groups; and a photoreducer-photoinitiator; then irradiating the composition under conditions to simultaneously reduce the cationic metal and polymerize the photopolymerizable groups to obtain the composite on the surface.

A scaffold includes struts that intersect at nodes. In some instances, a cross section of the cores has at least one dimension less than 100 microns. The core can be a solid, liquid or a gas. In some instances, one or more shell layers are positioned on the core.

A method of producing a photocured structure comprising a backing layer for coupling to a relief image printing plate or as an integral all-in-one structure comprising a backing layer and a relief image printing layer. The photocured structure may be formed using a continuous liquid interphase method or three-dimensional plating to selectively crosslink and cure a photocurable composition. The backing layer may comprise a lattice or series of openings of the lattice where the placement and density of the openings is controlled.

Modeling material formulations and formulation systems usable in additive manufacturing of a three-dimensional object, featuring, when hardened, a Shore A hardness lower than 10 and/or a Shore 00 hardness lower than 40, are provided. Additive manufacturing processes utilizing these formulations and formulation systems, and three-dimensional objects obtainable thereby, are also provided.