The present invention relates to an electroconductive member including an electroconductive support layer and a surface layer formed on a circumference thereof and having a network structure containing fibers, in which an arithmetic mean value d.sup.U10 of top 10% fiber diameters is 0.2 m or more and 15.0 m or less, rigid structural body having a height of 1.010.sup.2 to 1.010.sup.1 times as large as a thickness of the surface layer are present on the outer circumferential portion of the electroconductive support layer, and the surface layer satisfies specific conditions.

Provided is an electroconductive member configured to suppress a void image caused by abnormal discharge and a horizontal streak-like image caused by downstream discharge without depending on the thickness of a photosensitive layer of a photosensitive drum over a long period of time. The electroconductive member for electrophotography comprises at least an electroconductive support and a surface layer formed on an outer side of the electroconductive support. The surface layer includes a porous body and satisfies the predetermined (1), (2), and (3).

Provided is an electroconductive member configured to suppress a void image caused by abnormal discharge and a horizontal streak-like image caused by downstream discharge without depending on the thickness of a photosensitive layer of a photosensitive drum over a long period of time. The electroconductive member for electrophotography comprises at least an electroconductive support and a surface layer formed on an outer side of the electroconductive support. The surface layer includes a porous body and satisfies the predetermined (1), (2), and (3).

A separating claw unit includes: a separating claw provided beside and against a surface of an image carrier on which a toner image to be transferred to a recording paper sheet in a nip area between the image carrier and a transfer section is to be formed, the separating claw being configured to separate the recording paper sheet having passed through the nip area off the surface of the image carrier in a direction away from the surface of the image carrier; and a cushion guide provided next to the separating claw to extend beyond the separating claw in the direction away from the surface of the image carrier, held elastically and displaceably away from the surface of the image carrier, and configured to come into contact with the recording paper sheet to guide the recording paper sheet downstream in a direction of conveyance of the recording paper sheet.

An optical device includes: a radiation portion that sends light toward a predetermined position; a lens body including plural lenses that are arranged in an array direction and on which reflection light reflected at the predetermined position is incident; a first support body having a light limiting portion and supporting the radiation portion, the light limiting portion extending in the array direction on the incident side of reflection light relative to the lens body, the light limiting portion limiting incidence of at least a portion of light having an influence on an image based on reflection light; and a second support body supporting the lens body and being movable, relative to the first support body, in an optical axis direction of reflection light.