An electrospray apparatus and a method of operating the electrospray apparatus can include an array of emitters that can emit a fog of charged droplets, wherein the charged droplets can be produced in a carrier gas by the array of emitters and directed into a development zone of a charge image. Each emitter among the array of emitters can be implemented as a cone-shaped emitter. The array of emitters can be implemented as a cone jet electrospray micro-array that can produce a high liquid concentration of the charged droplets in the carrier gas. The charged droplets can comprise charged fountain solution droplets, and the charge image can be a fountain solution image that can be transferrable to a blanket for control and subsequent ink transfer to a receiving medium.

An electrospray apparatus and a method of operating the electrospray apparatus can include an array of emitters that can emit a fog of charged droplets, wherein the charged droplets can be produced in a carrier gas by the array of emitters and directed into a development zone of a charge image. Each emitter among the array of emitters can be implemented as a cone-shaped emitter. The array of emitters can be implemented as a cone jet electrospray micro-array that can produce a high liquid concentration of the charged droplets in the carrier gas. The charged droplets can comprise charged fountain solution droplets, and the charge image can be a fountain solution image that can be transferrable to a blanket for control and subsequent ink transfer to a receiving medium.

An electrostatic-based layer-wise manufacturing system (e.g., 200; 200-1; 250; 282; 300) decouples a layer imaging process from a layer transfusion process. The layer imaging process is performed in a first batch process that is independent from the layer transfusion process that is performed in a second batch process.

An image forming apparatus includes a reading table, an image reading device, an image forming device with an exposure device, and circuitry. The reading device reads a pattern on a recording medium on the table, and generates image data of the pattern. The exposure device includes a light emitting element to form an electrostatic latent image, based on which the image forming device forms the pattern. Based on first and second correction values, the circuitry calculates a third correction value to correct a light amount of the light emitting element. The exposure device includes a driving device that drives the light emitting element based on the third correction value. The circuitry sets at least two or more determination areas in each of a white area and a pattern area of the medium, and determines whether the medium has a rise based on density data in the determination areas.

An image forming apparatus includes a reading table, an image reading device, an image forming device with an exposure device, and circuitry. The reading device reads a pattern on a recording medium on the table, and generates image data of the pattern. The exposure device includes a light emitting element to form an electrostatic latent image, based on which the image forming device forms the pattern. Based on first and second correction values, the circuitry calculates a third correction value to correct a light amount of the light emitting element. The exposure device includes a driving device that drives the light emitting element based on the third correction value. The circuitry sets at least two or more determination areas in each of a white area and a pattern area of the medium, and determines whether the medium has a rise based on density data in the determination areas.

Methods relating generally to textured printing are disclosed. In a method, at least one object or object outline in an image is identified using an artificial intelligence engine. A sub image is generated for the at least one object or object outline. The image and the sub image are processed to convert into image information and associated position information for the sub image in relation to the image for textured printing. The image information and the position information are stored in a memory for the textured printing.

An information processing system is disclosed. The system includes a terminal apparatus, and an information processing apparatus. In the information processing apparatus, first image data are stored in a first storage device. Second image data are received from the terminal apparatus. Third image data representing a third image is generated for displaying a part of a second image represented by second image data in a region inside or outside a shape of an element included in a first image represented by the first image data. The third image data are output to an output apparatus. In the terminal apparatus, an input is received from a user. The second image data are stored in a second storage device. The second image data are sent to the information processing apparatus.

An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit configured to form an image and a detection image on a sheet, wherein the detection image is used for detecting a geometric characteristics of an image to be formed on a sheet by the image forming unit; a fixing unit configured to fix the image and the detection image formed by the image forming unit on the sheet; a reading unit configured to read the detection image on the sheet; a reference member; and a controller configured to: adjust geometric characteristics of an image to be formed on a sheet based on a reading result of the detection image by the reading unit; and control the reading unit to read the reference member to execute shading correction based on a reading result thereof.

An image forming apparatus includes an image forming unit configured to form an image and a detection image on a sheet, wherein the detection image is used for detecting a geometric characteristics of an image to be formed on a sheet by the image forming unit; a fixing unit configured to fix the image and the detection image formed by the image forming unit on the sheet; a reading unit configured to read the detection image on the sheet; a reference member; and a controller configured to: adjust geometric characteristics of an image to be formed on a sheet based on a reading result of the detection image by the reading unit; and control the reading unit to read the reference member to execute shading correction based on a reading result thereof.

An image reading apparatus connectable to an image forming apparatus includes a feeding roller pair configured to nip and feed a sheet discharged from the image forming apparatus, a contact image sensor configured to read an image on a first surface of the sheet fed by the feeding roller pair, a light-transmissive plate provided opposed to the contact image sensor and having a light-transmission property, a first roller opposing the light-transmissive plate with a gap therebetween on a side opposite from the contact image sensor with respect to the light-transmissive plat, and a second roller positioned upstream of the first roller with respect to a sheet feeding direction and opposing the light-transmissive plate with a gap therebetween on the same side as the first roller.