A communication apparatus includes a serializer configured to convert parallel data into serial data and output the serial data; and a deserializer configured to convert the serial data output from the serializer into parallel data and output the parallel data. The serializer is configured to add first data used for detecting unique data in the parallel data before the unique data, add second data used for detecting the unique data after the unique data, and add third data whose length is variable to each of the first data and the second data.

An image forming device includes a toner cartridge, and the toner cartridge includes a CRUM chip. The CRUM chip stores specific information about whether an ejection action by an ejection mechanism for the toner cartridge is permitted. In accordance with an instruction by a control portion of the image forming device, the ejection action is permitted in a case of a permitting cartridge for which the ejection action is permitted, and the ejection action is inhibited in a case of an inhibiting cartridge for which the ejection action is inhibited.

An image processing apparatus includes a volatile first storage, a non-volatile second storage, a host controller, a guest controller, an emulator that emulates access to the first storage and the second storage by the host controller such that the guest controller accesses the first storage and the second storage, and an application portion that controls the host controller to access the first storage and the second storage. Any one of the application portion and the emulator includes a transfer portion that stores data that is stored in a predetermined region of the second storage in a certain region of the first storage before the application portion stops the second storage. The emulator includes an access destination converter that converts access to the second storage by the guest controller into access to the certain region of the first storage after the second storage is stopped.

Disclosed is an image forming apparatus which includes: a feeding portion configured to feed a sheet; an image forming portion configured to form an image on the sheet; a conveying portion configured to stop the sheet fed by the feeding portion at a predetermined position and to convey the sheet to the image forming portion in accordance with a timing of forming the image by the image forming portion; a type discriminating portion configured to discriminate whether a type of the sheet to be fed belongs to a first sheet type group including plain paper or to a second sheet type group including coated paper; and a controlling portion configured to control feeding of the sheet, wherein the controlling portion is configured to change a sheet feeding start timing of the feeding portion in accordance with the type discriminated by the type discriminating portion.

An image forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum, a developing member, an applying device forming a developing potential on the developing member, a driver rotationally driving the developing member, and a controller. The controller selectively executes an operation in first and second modes by controlling a circumferential speed ratio of a circumferential speed of the developing member to a circumferential speed of the drum and a potential difference between a surface potential of the image bearing member in a region where an electrostatic latent image is formed and the developing potential. In the first mode, the ratio is a first ratio of 50% to 100% and the potential difference is a first potential difference, and in the second mode the ratio is a second ratio larger than the first ratio and less than 150% and the potential difference is a second potential difference less than the first potential difference.

The printed board includes a slit portion and a first conductive member that is provided straddling the slit portion. In a state in which the printed board is attached to an apparatus to which one end of a second conductive member having an elastic force is connected, another end of the second conductive member contacts the first conductive member, and the another end of the second conductive member passes through the slit portion.

If an inputted job requires switching from a single-color mode to a multicolor mode, an image forming apparatus switches from the single-color mode to the multicolor mode during a relatively long processing waiting time out of processing waiting times between preceding pages and succeeding pages, before a page in the job for forming a multicolor image.

An imaging apparatus includes an optical element that extracts a plurality of pieces of band light from incident light incident on an optical system, a photoelectric conversion device capable of imaging the plurality of pieces of band light extracted from the incident light by the optical element, and a processor that outputs image data obtained by imaging band light, among the plurality of pieces of band light, selected according to an imaging condition determined based on a field of view by the photoelectric conversion device.

The present invention relates to a method of printing a print job by an image reproduction system. The print job specifies a printing step on an image receiving medium and a finishing step in or on the image receiving medium. The method comprises the steps of receiving the print job by the image reproduction system and receiving a trigger by a controller of the image reproduction system that the finishing step is not to be performed. In such a case for a digital image comprised in print job data of the print job, at least one digital finishing visualization image of a predetermined visual appearance of a result of the finishing step in or on the image receiving medium is obtained as well as a position of the digital image for merging the obtained at least one digital finishing visualization image with the digital image. The digital image is updated by merging the obtained at least one digital finishing visualization image with the digital image at the obtained position. The updated digital image is printed by the image reproduction system.

An image forming apparatus that, in a case where it is determined that a scaling ratio of the inputted image data does not exceed a predetermined threshold, executes processing for scaling the inputted image and then executes first detection processing that detects an amount of applied toner using image data after scaling, and in a case where it is determined that the scaling ratio of the inputted image data exceeds the predetermined threshold, executes second detection processing that detects the amount of applied toner using the inputted image data prior to scaling and then executes scaling processing after executing the second detection processing.