Systems, devices, and methods for holographic optical elements are described. A holographic optical element includes a first layer of holographic material and a second layer of holographic material. The first layer of holographic material includes a first hologram responsive to light in a first waveband and a second hologram responsive to light in a second waveband. The second layer of holographic material includes a third hologram responsive to light in a third waveband and may include a fourth hologram responsive to light in a fourth waveband. The first, second, third, and fourth wavebands are distinct and may comprise light of red, blue, green, and infrared wavelengths, respectively. Distribution of the three or four holograms on two layers of holographic material allows each hologram to have an index modulation of greater than 0.016, a diffraction efficiency of greater than 15%, and an angular bandwidth of greater than 12.

A description is given of a document with a hologram as a security feature, in particular an identity card (12), consisting of a polycarbonate card body (10), which has a volume hologram label (2, 9) embedded therein. A description is additionally given of a method for producing the document, in which volume hologram labels (2) arranged on a carrier sheet are brought into contact with adhesive regions (4) on a thermoplastic sheet (5.1), the adhesive surfaces are cured and the carrier sheet is then removed. A second plastics sheet (5.2) is then adhesively bonded onto the first plastics sheet (5.1), bearing the hologram labels, using a second adhesive (7) in the region of the hologram labels (2) to form a two-layered sheet composite (6) which, finally, is laminated, together with further thermoplastic sheets, in a card-lamination press, under the action of pressure and temperature, to give a card body (10), individual identity cards (12) being punched out.

A security element is described includes a transparent first layer having a holographic surface structure, a first metal layer arranged on the first layer in a first pattern having transparent and non-transparent regions and a holographic surface structure, a second layer having a second holographic surface structure, and a second metal layer arranged on the second layer in a second pattern having transparent and non-transparent regions and a holographic surface structure. The, transparent regions of the first metal layer and the second metal layer are arranged to at least partly overlap each other and the non-transparent regions of the metal layers develop holographic effects on both sides of the security element which effects may be different. A process is described for making the security element, wherein an embossable radiation-sensitive polymer material is used to form the second layer.

A spectacle lens has a transparent substrate and at least one HOE-capable polymer layer arranged on the transparent substrate. The at least one HOE-capable polymer layer is suitable for forming a holographic optical element. Related methods and apparatus are described.

A display including a relief structure forming layer having a major surface with a relief type diffractive structure that displays a three-dimensional object as a diffraction image; and a reflective layer at least partially covering a region of the major surface where the diffractive structure is provided. A portion of the diffractive structure in a first region includes first and second linear parts forming a first lattice, and first parts arranged in respective gaps of the first lattice. The first and second linear parts each having a solid line shape form a first pattern. A portion of the diffractive structure in a second region includes third and fourth linear parts alternately arranged in the width direction thereof. The third linear parts each having a dashed line shape and the fourth linear parts each having a dashed or dotted line shape form a second pattern.

An optical device is formed by hot stamping a demetallized hologram to an optically variable foil or to a coating of optically variable ink. In another embodiment a hologram is hot stamped to a banknote or document printed with a color-shifting ink.

The invention pertains in a first aspect to a multilayer film that includes a frangible holographic image layer and an adhesive layer adjacent to a side of the holographic image layer; and, an additional temporary support layer that is adjacent a side of the holographic image layer that is opposite the adhesive layer, and provides integrity to the multilayer film. The additional temporary support layer can be a polyester film that is removable from the multilayer film at 10 gram per inch peel strength; or, can be a heat-shrinkable film that is removable from the multilayer film with the application of heat. After application of the multilayer film to a substrate, the holographic image layer forms an exterior surface of the multilayer film. In a second aspect, the invention pertains to an authentication label of the multilayer film for attachment to a substrate, wherein a side of the adhesive layer that is opposite the holographic image layer contacts the substrate, and the holographic image layer forms an exterior surface of the label.

Provided are diffraction structure transfer foil that further improves usefulness of the diffraction structure transfer foil in authenticity determination by allowing a greater variety of diffracted-light patterns to be observed, and a forgery prevention medium using the diffraction structure transfer foil. The diffraction structure transfer foil (21) includes a transfer foil substrate (1), a peeling-off protective layer (2) that is laminated on one surface of the transfer foil substrate (1), a laminated body for diffracted-light delivery (13a) that is laminated on the peeling-off protective layer (2), and an adhesive layer (9) that is laminated on the laminated body for diffracted-light delivery (13a). The laminated body for diffracted-light delivery (13a) includes a diffraction structure forming body in which a plurality of diffraction structures (4 and 7) are formed, and a reflective layer (5a or 8a) that is formed in accordance with each of the plurality of diffraction structures (4 and 7). A transmission density of one reflective layer (5a) of the plurality of reflective layers (5a and 8a) is in a range of 0.01 to 0.9, and a transmission density of the other reflective layer (8a) is 1.0 or greater.

A main object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing a volume hologram laminate which can regenerate a hologram image in an arbitrary wavelength by a simple process. To attain the object, the present invention provides a method of producing a volume hologram laminate using a volume hologram forming substrate which comprises: a substrate, a volume hologram layer formed on the substrate and containing a photopolymerizable material, a resin layer, formed on the substrate so as to contact to the volume hologram layer, containing a resin and a polymerizable compound, characterized in that the producing method comprises processes of: a hologram recording process to record a volume hologram to the volume hologram layer, a substance transit process of transiting the polymerizable compound to the volume hologram layer, and an after-treatment process of polymerizing the polymerizable compound.

Provided are diffraction structure transfer foil that further improves usefulness of the diffraction structure transfer foil in authenticity determination by allowing a greater variety of diffracted-light patterns to be observed, and a forgery prevention medium using the diffraction structure transfer foil. The diffraction structure transfer foil (21) includes a transfer foil substrate (1), a peeling-off protective layer (2) that is laminated on one surface of the transfer foil substrate (1), a laminated body for diffracted-light delivery (13a) that is laminated on the peeling-off protective layer (2), and an adhesive layer (9) that is laminated on the laminated body for diffracted-light delivery (13a). The laminated body for diffracted-light delivery (13a) includes a diffraction structure forming body in which a plurality of diffraction structures (4 and 7) are formed, and a reflective layer (5a or 8a) that is formed in accordance with each of the plurality of diffraction structures (4 and 7). A transmission density of one reflective layer (5a) of the plurality of reflective layers (5a and 8a) is in a range of 0.01 to 0.9, and a transmission density of the other reflective layer (8a) is 1.0 or greater.