An alternative braking apparatus for a vehicle includes a gear type automatic transmission having at least one clutch and at least one brake for changing the meshing state of gears, and a control unit configured to switch the shift stage of the automatic transmission by controlling the clutch and the brake. The control unit is configured to perform alternative braking that controls the clutch and the brake so that an output shaft of the automatic transmission is braked by a braking force of the brake through the gears when the control unit determines that a braking device of the vehicle cannot normally apply braking forces to wheels despite that the vehicle needs to be braked.

An alternative braking apparatus for a vehicle includes a gear type automatic transmission having at least one clutch and at least one brake for changing the meshing state of gears, and a control unit configured to switch the shift stage of the automatic transmission by controlling the clutch and the brake. The control unit is configured to perform alternative braking that controls the clutch and the brake so that an output shaft of the automatic transmission is braked by a braking force of the brake through the gears when the control unit determines that a braking device of the vehicle cannot normally apply braking forces to wheels despite that the vehicle needs to be braked.

A method for controlling the velocity of a pipeline pig, the method including, introducing a pressurized gas into a section of pipeline to be treated and maintaining the velocity of a smart pipeline pig at a predetermined velocity by regulating the pressurized gas to a predetermined volume. A method for controlling the velocity of a pipeline pig, the method including fluidically connecting a first skid to a first end of a section of pipeline to be treated, fluidically connecting a second skid to a second end of the section of pipeline to be treated, introducing a pressurized gas into the section of pipeline to be treated via the first skid, launching a smart pipeline pig into the section of pipeline to be treated, and maintaining the velocity of the smart pipeline pig at a predetermined velocity by regulating the pressurized gas to a predetermined volume.

A method for controlling the velocity of a pipeline pig, the method including, introducing a pressurized gas into a section of pipeline to be treated and maintaining the velocity of a smart pipeline pig at a predetermined velocity by regulating the pressurized gas to a predetermined volume. A method for controlling the velocity of a pipeline pig, the method including fluidically connecting a first skid to a first end of a section of pipeline to be treated, fluidically connecting a second skid to a second end of the section of pipeline to be treated, introducing a pressurized gas into the section of pipeline to be treated via the first skid, launching a smart pipeline pig into the section of pipeline to be treated, and maintaining the velocity of the smart pipeline pig at a predetermined velocity by regulating the pressurized gas to a predetermined volume.

A method and system for activating and cancelling a first or second turn signal indicator for an R/C vehicle are provided. The method may include determining that the R/C vehicle is stationary and reading a rotation of a steering input to a stationary activation threshold. In addition, the method may include activating the turn signal indicator on a side of the R/C vehicle and setting an active turn signal indicator to on. Further actions in the method may involve determining that the R/C vehicle is in motion and reading a rotation of the steering input to a moving initiation threshold. Still further actions may include reading a rotation of the steering input in another direction to a moving cancellation threshold and deactivating the first or second turn signal indicator and setting the active turn signal indicator to off.

A method and system for activating and cancelling a first or second turn signal indicator for an R/C vehicle are provided. The method may include determining that the R/C vehicle is stationary and reading a rotation of a steering input to a stationary activation threshold. In addition, the method may include activating the turn signal indicator on a side of the R/C vehicle and setting an active turn signal indicator to on. Further actions in the method may involve determining that the R/C vehicle is in motion and reading a rotation of the steering input to a moving initiation threshold. Still further actions may include reading a rotation of the steering input in another direction to a moving cancellation threshold and deactivating the first or second turn signal indicator and setting the active turn signal indicator to off.

Systems and methods for control of the delivery of contaminates are provided. A conveyor moves contaminate particles from a hopper into an airflow. The contents of a hopper at multiple time points within a sliding window of time are weighted with a scale. A processor applies linear regression to a data set comprising the time points as an independent variable and the weight measurements as a dependent variable, resulting in a determination of a line fitting the data set. A processor determines a current mass flow rate of the contaminate particles from the slope of the line. The processor determines an estimated change in the conveyor motor speed needed to achieve the target mass flow rate, the estimated change determined from a predetermined mapping of flow rates to motor speeds, the estimated change based on the current mass flow rate, the target mass flow rate, and a predetermined fraction.

Systems and methods for control of the delivery of contaminates are provided. A conveyor moves contaminate particles from a hopper into an airflow. The contents of a hopper at multiple time points within a sliding window of time are weighted with a scale. A processor applies linear regression to a data set comprising the time points as an independent variable and the weight measurements as a dependent variable, resulting in a determination of a line fitting the data set. A processor determines a current mass flow rate of the contaminate particles from the slope of the line. The processor determines an estimated change in the conveyor motor speed needed to achieve the target mass flow rate, the estimated change determined from a predetermined mapping of flow rates to motor speeds, the estimated change based on the current mass flow rate, the target mass flow rate, and a predetermined fraction.

A self-regulating fire pump unit which can be controlled to operate under required conditions for sourcing a fire protection system such as sprinklers. The fire pump unit can be operated in accordance with a control curve based on detected pressure and flow. The control curve can include: a) a first setpoint of rated total value of the system load for the pressure and the flow, b) a second setpoint of a minimum partial percentage of the rated total value of the pressure at an over-percentage of the rated total value of the flow, c) a path which maintains the rated total value of the pressure for all values of the flow up to the first setpoint, d) a path between the first setpoint and the second setpoint, e) a path from the second setpoint which limits values of the pressure for values of the flow greater than the second setpoint.

A self-regulating fire pump unit which can be controlled to operate under required conditions for sourcing a fire protection system such as sprinklers. The fire pump unit can be operated in accordance with a control curve based on detected pressure and flow. The control curve can include: a) a first setpoint of rated total value of the system load for the pressure and the flow, b) a second setpoint of a minimum partial percentage of the rated total value of the pressure at an over-percentage of the rated total value of the flow, c) a path which maintains the rated total value of the pressure for all values of the flow up to the first setpoint, d) a path between the first setpoint and the second setpoint, e) a path from the second setpoint which limits values of the pressure for values of the flow greater than the second setpoint.