Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to limiting a rate or pressurization in a reconfigurable pressurized flow system for which different system configurations can have different system volumes. In exemplary embodiments, the system can determine a limit for the rate of pressurization by configuring the system for a closed system rate of pressurization, measuring the closed system rate of pressurization at a set flow rate, and determining a relationship between the closed system rate of pressurization and the flow rate. The system can use the relationship to dynamically set the limit for different flow rates in the system.

A back pressure regulator with in-line over pressure relief includes a first pressure regulator and a second pressure regulator arranged fluidly in parallel, which are connected by a common regulator housing.

A fuel pump system for an aerial refueling system including: a variable displacement motor operable to be driven by a hydraulic fluid pressure; a fuel pump operable to be driven by the variable displacement motor; and a drive system controller (DSC) connected to the variable displacement motor, wherein the DSC is operable to direct an operation of the fuel pump in modes including: a flow control mode operable to maintain an output fuel flow rate from the fuel pump to a predetermined maximum inlet pressure at a reception coupling for a receiver aircraft; a fuel pressure control mode operable to regulate the output fuel flow rate to not exceed the predetermined maximum inlet pressure; and a priority mode operable to reduce the output fuel flow rate in response to a decrease in the hydraulic pressure. Also, a method of refueling a receiver aircraft.

A gas regulator includes a valve chamber body that houses two valves of the regulator. Valve elements that move to open and close the two valves are received via a same opening into the valve chamber body, which is closed by a plug. The plug can define a first valve seat as well as a piercing element used to pierce a compressed gas cylinder. A retainer can hold a gasket at a valve seat as well as provide a bore or other support for a valve element and valve element spring.

A distributed aircraft cabin pressure control system (CPCS), and techniques for interfacing the distributed CPCS to avionics. The CPCS-specific equipment of this disclosure is used in a variety of different type aircraft with no hardware or software change for each aircraft type. In this manner, CPCS-specific equipment is used in different type aircraft without the need for formal re-certification of the CPCS-specific equipment. The CPCS-specific equipment may operate with limited, and fixed, functionality and control algorithms in its hardware and software that would not change from airplane application to application, but it would instead use gain terms transmitted from the avionics. The distributed CPCS processes in the various avionics modules may send information to the CPCS-specific equipment that customizes the operation of the CPCS-specific equipment to that specific aircraft type.

A flow tube including: a pin; a seat; and a guide tube, the pin and the seat are arranged at least partially in the guide tube; and wherein: the flow tube is arranged to have a closed position, wherein: the pin is in contact with the seat and fluid flow through the seat is reduced or prevented; the flow tube is arranged to have an open position, wherein: the pin is not in contact with the seat and fluid flow is increased through the seat when compared to the closed position; and the flow tube is arranged to have a forced open position, wherein: the seat is arranged such that when a force above a threshold force is applied to the seat: the seat moves away from the pin, the pin is not in contact with the seat, and the flow tube cannot move to the closed position again.

A feedback control apparatus includes: a detector configured to detect an output value based on a controlled object; a P control circuit including a differential amplifier circuit and an analog circuit, the differential amplifier circuit being configured to receive a detection value of the detector and a target value, the analog circuit being configured to output a P control component V.sub.P to an output of the differential amplifier circuit; an I control unit configured to output an I control component V.sub.I by integrating a deviation of the detection value from the target value by digital processing; and a driver element configured to be driven based on the P control component V.sub.P from the P control circuit and the I control component V.sub.I from the I control unit to control the controlled object.

A system for regulating an axial biasing force applied to a stacked set of packing elements mounted within stationary equipment, comprising a packing loading assembly for sealing a process fluid within the stationary equipment and for applying the axial biasing force to the packing elements via a pressurized fluid from a pressure regulator. The packing loading assembly includes a gland element for mounting to the stationary equipment by a plurality of gland bolts, and an external actuation subsystem for coupling to at least one of the plurality of gland bolts for applying an axial actuation force directly to the gland element in response to the pressurized fluid. The gland element in response to the axial actuation force applies the axial biasing force to the packing elements.

A fluid handling protection system configured to prevent cavitation in a first pump can include a first pump, a first pump fluid inlet line, a first pump fluid outlet line, a first pump drive unit, wherein the first pump drive unit is operatively coupled to the first pump, a first pressure sensor, and a control unit, wherein the control unit is operatively coupled to the first sensor and the first pump drive unit.

A gas supply line control system and method for preventing flow reversal due to an upstream pressure drop in a natural gas supply line, the system and method include setting a threshold low pressure for the upstream gas flow, continually sensing the upstream pressure, activating a trigger valve when the upstream pressure falls below the threshold low pressure, and closing a control valve in response to the trigger valve to prevent reversal of flow in the gas supply line.