A controlling apparatus 2 for a liquid chromatograph 1 includes: a storage unit 200 configured to store a pH table T of information as to a mixed solution made of a plurality of solutions, the information including a relationship between a pH value of the mixed solution and types of the solutions to be mixed, concentrations of the solutions and a mixing ratio of the solutions; a display controlling section 211 configured to display some items of the information contained in the pH table T on a display device; and a specified composition condition receiving section 212 configured to receive a composition condition for a mixed solution to be used as a mobile phase in a liquid-chromatographic analysis specified by an operator.

A discharge system includes a mixing vessel and a feedstock input in fluid communication with the mixing vessel. A solvent input is in fluid communication with the mixing vessel. A discharge output is in fluid communication with an outlet of the mixing vessel to discharge effluent. A method for generating turbulence on a liquid surface within a discharge system includes supplying a mixing vessel with feedstock fluid and solvent fluid to generate a liquid mixture and a gas pocket in the mixing vessel. The method includes supplying an impinging solvent fluid through a nozzle extending from a first end of the mixing vessel to generate a roiling surface at an interface between the gas pocket and the liquid mixture and permit uptake of gas from the gas pocket into the liquid mixture.

A discharge system includes a mixing vessel and a feedstock input in fluid communication with the mixing vessel. A solvent input is in fluid communication with the mixing vessel. A discharge output is in fluid communication with an outlet of the mixing vessel to discharge effluent. A method for generating turbulence on a liquid surface within a discharge system includes supplying a mixing vessel with feedstock fluid and solvent fluid to generate a liquid mixture and a gas pocket in the mixing vessel. The method includes supplying an impinging solvent fluid through a nozzle extending from a first end of the mixing vessel to generate a roiling surface at an interface between the gas pocket and the liquid mixture and permit uptake of gas from the gas pocket into the liquid mixture.

This document describes a display substrate and a display apparatus. The display substrate comprises a base, a plurality of drive signal lines, a plurality of pH value detection signal lines, and a plurality of pH value sensing modules arranged on the base; each pH value sensing module is connected to a corresponding drive signal line and a corresponding pH value detection signal line; the drive signal line is configured to provide a drive signal to the pH value sensing modules connected thereto so as to control said pH value sensing modules to work or not; the pH value sensing module is configured to sense a pH value under a working state and output a corresponding electrical signal; the pH value detection signal line is configured to receive the electrical signal output by the pH value sensing module.

This document describes a display substrate and a display apparatus. The display substrate comprises a base, a plurality of drive signal lines, a plurality of pH value detection signal lines, and a plurality of pH value sensing modules arranged on the base; each pH value sensing module is connected to a corresponding drive signal line and a corresponding pH value detection signal line; the drive signal line is configured to provide a drive signal to the pH value sensing modules connected thereto so as to control said pH value sensing modules to work or not; the pH value sensing module is configured to sense a pH value under a working state and output a corresponding electrical signal; the pH value detection signal line is configured to receive the electrical signal output by the pH value sensing module.

Provided herein are methods and systems of the invention that include the use of an automated solution dispenser to form a solution according to at least one target characteristic. A controller may be operatively connected to the automated solution dispenser, wherein the controller is programmed to direct mixing of one or more solids and one or more liquids to produce the solution. At least a portion of the solution can be dispensed into one or more containers.

Provided herein are methods and systems of the invention that include the use of an automated solution dispenser to form a solution according to at least one target characteristic. A controller may be operatively connected to the automated solution dispenser, wherein the controller is programmed to direct mixing of one or more solids and one or more liquids to produce the solution. At least a portion of the solution can be dispensed into one or more containers.

A method includes mixing a first deionized water (DI) water from a first pipe and a second DI water from a second pipe in a merging pipe that is in fluid communication with the first pipe and the second pipe. An electrical resistivity of the first DI water is different from an electrical resistivity of the second DI water. A mixture of the first DI water and the second DI water is applied from the merging pipe onto a wafer.

A method includes mixing a first deionized water (DI) water from a first pipe and a second DI water from a second pipe in a merging pipe that is in fluid communication with the first pipe and the second pipe. An electrical resistivity of the first DI water is different from an electrical resistivity of the second DI water. A mixture of the first DI water and the second DI water is applied from the merging pipe onto a wafer.

Expert system and method for computing an application procedure for painting vinyl panels a target color at a paint application site while preventing vinyl warping. A target reflectivity indicator is computed for the vinyl panels once painted. When the target color and target reflectivity indicator are met by application of the multiple paint layers, the application procedure computed identifies a pigmentable waterborne paint composition, one or more proportioned paint pigments to achieve the target color at a predictable transmissivity and a preparatory waterborne paint composition considering a corresponding predictable reflectivity. Applying the pigmentable waterborne paint composition, once pigmented with the one or more proportioned paint pigments, over the preparatory waterborne paint composition meets the target reflectivity indicator for the vinyl panels at the target color. Instructions are then sent to a remote device comprising the application procedure for painting the vinyl panels at the target color while preventing vinyl warping.