Control systems are provided that provide thermodynamically decoupled control of temperature and relative humidity and/or reduce or prevent frost formation or remove previously-formed frost. The control systems herein may be included as a component of a heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration system that includes a heat exchanger.

A pressure regulator and a method for regulating the same is for predicting occurrence of dew condensation inside components of a vehicle so that the cause of the occurrence of dew condensation is removed in advance before occurrence of dew condensation. The pressure regulator includes a case in which an opening is provided at one end of the case, an outlet is provided at the other end of the case, and the opening is provided to be inserted into a housing of the component, a fan provided inside the case and a filter provided inside the case, the filter allowing gas to be discharged from the inside of the component to the outside of the component while blocking inflow of moisture from the outside of the component to the inside of the component.

A pressure regulator and a method for regulating the same is for predicting occurrence of dew condensation inside components of a vehicle so that the cause of the occurrence of dew condensation is removed in advance before occurrence of dew condensation. The pressure regulator includes a case in which an opening is provided at one end of the case, an outlet is provided at the other end of the case, and the opening is provided to be inserted into a housing of the component, a fan provided inside the case and a filter provided inside the case, the filter allowing gas to be discharged from the inside of the component to the outside of the component while blocking inflow of moisture from the outside of the component to the inside of the component.

The invention relates to an electric system, comprising an electric equipment (1) having a control line (2) arranged to be connected to impedance means (3) as well as to substituting means (7). The substitution means provides an impedance controlled by a first output (8) of a control unit (6), the control unit having polarity probing means (13) arranged to obtain an indication whether a connection of the substituting means to the control line (2) results in a voltage with a positive or negative polarity. The connection of the substituting means (7) is made in dependence on that indication and under influence of a second output (14) of the control unit. According to the invention, the substituting means (7) comprise a series connection of two equivalent impedance networks (15, 16) provided each one with by-pass switching means (17, 18) for a plurality of impedance means (19, 20), each having series connected semiconductor switching means (21, 22) arranged in opposite directions. The impedance networks (15, 16) are controlled by the first output (8) of the control unit (6). The by-pass switching means (17, 18) are arranged to be alternatively activated by the second output (14) of the control unit.)

The invention relates to an electric system, comprising an electric equipment (1) having a control line (2) arranged to be connected to impedance means (3) as well as to substituting means (7). The substitution means provides an impedance controlled by a first output (8) of a control unit (6), the control unit having polarity probing means (13) arranged to obtain an indication whether a connection of the substituting means to the control line (2) results in a voltage with a positive or negative polarity. The connection of the substituting means (7) is made in dependence on that indication and under influence of a second output (14) of the control unit. According to the invention, the substituting means (7) comprise a series connection of two equivalent impedance networks (15, 16) provided each one with by-pass switching means (17, 18) for a plurality of impedance means (19, 20), each having series connected semiconductor switching means (21, 22) arranged in opposite directions. The impedance networks (15, 16) are controlled by the first output (8) of the control unit (6). The by-pass switching means (17, 18) are arranged to be alternatively activated by the second output (14) of the control unit.)

An HVAC system has a plurality of humidity sensors and a controller configured to selectively control which of the plurality of humidity sensors affects operation of the HVAC system. A method of controlling humidity includes providing a plurality of humidity sensors, assigning one of the plurality of humidity sensors as a humidity priority sensor, and affecting a humidity in response to feedback from the humidity priority sensor. A system controller for an HVAC system has an interface configured to present a plurality of humidity sensors and the system controller is configured to allow a user to select which of the plurality of humidity sensors affects operation of the HVAC system.

An HVAC system has a plurality of humidity sensors and a controller configured to selectively control which of the plurality of humidity sensors affects operation of the HVAC system. A method of controlling humidity includes providing a plurality of humidity sensors, assigning one of the plurality of humidity sensors as a humidity priority sensor, and affecting a humidity in response to feedback from the humidity priority sensor. A system controller for an HVAC system has an interface configured to present a plurality of humidity sensors and the system controller is configured to allow a user to select which of the plurality of humidity sensors affects operation of the HVAC system.

An arrangement for monitoring an aseptic manufacturing process includes product condition sensors capable of making closely spaced measurements of a product condition such as temperature or humidity. The measurements are made using closely spaced sensors arranged in a linear array on a single probe, which may be used to take measurements at multiple levels within the product. Data from the sensors is transmitted to a data collection point via short range wireless digital communications. The sensors may be used to measure temperature and humidity at a single point. For example, when the sensors are used in pharmaceutical freeze drying, the location of a sublimation front may be calculated for each vial, and the freeze drying process may be controlled using the data.

An arrangement for monitoring an aseptic manufacturing process includes product condition sensors capable of making closely spaced measurements of a product condition such as temperature or humidity. The measurements are made using closely spaced sensors arranged in a linear array on a single probe, which may be used to take measurements at multiple levels within the product. Data from the sensors is transmitted to a data collection point via short range wireless digital communications. The sensors may be used to measure temperature and humidity at a single point. For example, when the sensors are used in pharmaceutical freeze drying, the location of a sublimation front may be calculated for each vial, and the freeze drying process may be controlled using the data.

Disclosed herein are a system and method that integrate vineyard sensor data into an environment that enables analysis, historical trend analytics, spatio-temporal analytics, and weather model fusion for improved decision making from vineyard management to wine production. The integration of new sensor data from multiple soil depths with surface measurements, combined with production flow process and historical information enables new decision making capabilities. A wireless network of sensor/transmitters can be distributed to provide a 3-dimensional assessment of water movement both across the grower's field and as it moves from the surface through the root zone. The soil monitoring data stream feeds into a visualization interface that will be incorporated in software based decision aid and crop management tool that helps agricultural producers reduce costs, minimize water and nutrient applications, and better protect the environment by reducing agricultural production inputs.