A converter parameterized constant admittance modeling method based on a cross initialization including the following steps: (1) performing parameterized modeling on a converter, wherein switches are modeled using a parametric historical current source constant admittance model and other components are modeled using a traditional electromagnetic transient simulation integral model in the converter; (2) detecting whether state switching occurs, performing cross initialization correction when occurring; (3) determining model parameters, and establishing an equivalent admittance matrix and an injection current source of a whole grid, to obtain an electromagnetic transient simulation equivalent model; (4) solving a network tide according to a basic solving equation I=YU to obtain an electromagnetic transient model simulation result of the converter at current time; and (5) calculating an equivalent admittance matrix and an injection current source at next time through a current network state quantity, and returning to step (2) until a simulation terminates.

A method simulates aspects of a system. The method includes: (a) creating models of a system, wherein each individual model describes a specific aspect of the system, (b) determining for each model an initial first data record containing specific data used only by the model and an initial second data record containing common data used by the model and at least one other model, (c) selecting a first model and a second model, (d) determining updated first and second data records on the basis of the initial first data record for the first model and the initial second data records, and (e) determining updated first and second data records for the second model based on the initial first data record for the second model, the updated second data record for the first model and the initial second data records for all of the models except for the first model.

Systems and methods for enhancing resiliency of a power system (e.g., an energy cyber-physical system (ECPS)) against cyber-attacks are provided. An internet of things (IoT)-based digital twin (DT) for cyber-physical networked microgrids (NMGs) can be implemented to be a centric oversight for the NMG system. A cloud system can host the controllers (cyber things) and the sensors (physical things) of the power system into the cloud IoT core in terms of the IoT shadow. The DT can cover the digital replica for the physical layer, the cyber layer(s), and their hybrid interactions.

One or more systems and methods according to the present disclosure may apply a model for integrating distribution systems having proliferated distributed energy resources into the independent system operator energy market, particularly when one or more distribution systems are connected to a transmission system via multiple interconnection buses. Additionally, systems and methods for applying a compact multi-port model for power exchanges and associated bidding strategies are described. A the multi-port power exchange model may be constructed based on the operational feasible region of a distribution system; describing physical operation characteristics of distributed energy resources, flexible loads, and the distribution network; and the bidding strategy model may describe total operating cost of the distribution system, while recognizing electrically coupled injections of multiple interconnection buses.

Generating a photovoltaic system design and proposal includes fetching a maximum solar panel design for a photovoltaic system design from a photovoltaic system design tool; fetching an electricity profile for the photovoltaic system design; receiving one or more modifications to one or more of the photovoltaic system design and an environment of the photovoltaic system; determining customer pricing based on one or more of the modified photovoltaic system design and the modified environment of the photovoltaic system; and generating a customer proposal based on the modified photovoltaic system design and the modified environment of the photovoltaic system.

Provided is a system and method for updating dynamic power system models during each DSA analysis cycle. In one example, the method may include iteratively executing a dynamic security analysis (DSA) on a power grid based on a simulation of a dynamic power system model, receiving measurements from one or more sensors on the power grid, modifying one or more parameters of the dynamic power system model used in a previous iteration of the DSA based on the received measurements, simulating the modified dynamic power system model, determining a security value of the power grid during a current iteration of the DSA based on the simulated modified dynamic power system model, and storing the determined security value in memory.

There is provided a scalable simulation platform, comprising means for rating a power transformer, means for setting a loading policy for a transformer, and/or means for evaluating the thermal performances of a transformer.

Various implementations described herein are directed to a method for routing buried power rails underneath a memory instance. The method may identify first rails of the buried power rails disposed in a first layer and second rails of the buried power rails disposed perpendicular to the first rails in a second layer. The method may identify long rails of the first rails with a first length and short rails of the first rails with a second length that is less than the first length. The method may separately couple the long rails and the short rails to the second rails with vias that extend between the first layer and the second layer.

A computer-implemented method executed by one or more processors includes receiving a request for an output of an electrical grid simulation, the request including data indicating one or more input parameters for the simulation; in response to receiving the request, accessing a virtual model of an electrical grid, the virtual model including multiple different model configurations; selecting, based on the requested output from the simulation, and based on the one or more input parameters for the simulation, (i) a simulation mode including a resolution and scale of the simulation and (ii) one of the multiple different model configurations; executing an electrical grid simulation in the selected simulation mode using the selected model configuration; and based on results of the electrical grid simulation, providing the requested output of the electrical grid simulation.

Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for generating a load adjustment simulation and a capacity forecast. In one aspect, a method comprises: generating, using a simulation system, a load adjustment simulation that characterizes predicted energy consumption by a population of energy consuming devices based on performance of a current load adjustment event; generating, using the simulation system, a baseline load simulation that characterizes predicted energy consumption by the population of energy consuming devices based on non-performance of the current load adjustment event; determining, using the baseline load simulation, a load adjustment simulation error that is an estimate of an error between: (i) the load adjustment simulation, and (ii) actual energy consumption by the population of energy consuming devices based on performance of the current load adjustment event; and updating the load adjustment simulation using the load adjustment simulation error.