A random number generating includes a light source to emit a luminous flux having light intensity distribution symmetrical about a center axis, and a plurality of single-photon detectors arranged at an equal radial distance from an extending line of the central axis of the light source to generate a bit value of either 0 or 1 according to whether a photon is detected or not.

A device for random number generation based on an optical process of quantum nature, including a light source emitting photons randomly, a light detector adapted to absorb the randomly emitted photons and to measure a number n of photons produced by the light source in a time interval T, and a randomness extractor. The detector includes a photon sensor acting as a photon-to-electron converter, an amplifier for converting the electron signal received from the photon sensor into a voltage and amplifying the voltage signal, as well as an analog-to-digital converter for processing the amplified signal received from the amplifier by encoding the amplified signal into digital values and sending these digital values to the randomness extractor for further processing such as to produce quantum random numbers (QRNs) based on the number of photons produced by the light source in a time interval T.

This invention is a computerized method which unites multivariate dataset and then performs various operations including data analytics. The set is stored in a bipartite synthesis matrix (BSM), e.g., a rectangular matrix with rows of data objects and columns of variable attributes defined by a plurality of partitions. Data objects are linked to one or more attributes within the matrix based on shared correspondences that occur within attribute partitions (each with a numerical range and a characteristic scale). Links within the matrix between data objects and attribute(s) are based on shared correspondences within partitions. The process exploits mode reduction in which shared correspondences of a BSM (or its graph) interrelate data objects by producing an adjacency matrix or its associated graph. The partition scale is repeatedly and incrementally altered, varying the density of shared correspondences within the data, based on partition number and size; therefore, a fully connected and weighted unipartite network may be established. Shared correspondences' given scale and variable attribute provide distance metrics for edges within the network.

A random number generation circuit may include a memory block. The random number generation circuit may include a fuse block configured to store an address of a failed memory cell from a memory cell array of the memory block, as a repair address, and generate a match signal by comparing the repair address with a normal address inputted from an exterior. The random number generation circuit may include a register configured to output a true random number by latching an address corresponding to activation timing of the match signal among normal addresses.

A method and device for generating random numbers based on an optical process of quantum nature. According to one exemplary aspect, the method includes randomly emitting photons from a light source and absorbing the emitted photons by a photon sensor having a plurality of pixels. Furthermore, respective minimum entropy levels can be calculated for each of the pixels of the photon sensor and a randomness extractor can be associated with each of pixels based on the calculated minimum entropy level of that pixel. After this calibration, the method and device generates a number of high-entropy bits used for generating a random number.