A method for DRAM protection comprises allocating address spaces respectively for a first and second common region, a first and second secure region; detecting whether common data has an address within the address spaces for the first secure region; outputting a digital signal remapping an address of the common data to the address space for the second common region if yes; detecting whether secure data has an address within the address spaces for the first common region; outputting a digital signal indicating remapping an address of the secure data to the address space for the second secure region if yes. Alternatively, the method further comprises generating a random key; an updated written data by permuting orders of bits of an original DRAM written data; generating an encrypted data by performing a function on the updated written data with the generated random key; and dynamically updating the generated random key.

Aspects of a prefetch module for high throughput memory transfers is described. Data stored in a row buffer of a memory device can be quickly transferred over a serial link to a prefetch buffer. In one example, a number of respective serial links can be used to transfer the data stored in several row buffers of respective memory devices to the prefetch buffer. In the prefetch buffer, all the data from the memory devices is stored in a data cache. Once the data is cached at the prefetch buffer, a memory controller can access it more quickly in any suitable way. As compared to conventional approaches, the embodiments can be relied upon to avoid a significant amount of latency in memory read and write operations with memory modules.

A mapping table management method for a solid state storage device is provided. The solid state storage device includes a control circuit, a dynamic random access memory and a non-volatile memory. The mapping table management method includes the following steps. When the control circuit receives a write command, the control circuit stores a write data into the non-volatile memory and updates a mapping table in the dynamic random access memory. If the control circuit receives a power-off command, the control circuit stores an entire of the mapping table from the dynamic random access memory to the non-volatile memory. If the control circuit judges that an update condition is satisfied, the control circuit stores a portion of the mapping table from the dynamic random access memory to the non-volatile memory.

The present disclosure provides a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), and a method of operating the same. The DRAM includes a memory row and a buffer. The memory row is configured to store a data, wherein the memory row does not provide the data to the buffer in response to a request to read the data. The buffer is configured to store the data as a temporarily-stored data, wherein the buffer provides the temporarily-stored data in response to the request.

The present disclosure provides a dynamic random access memory (DRAM), and a method of operating the same. The DRAM includes a memory row and a buffer. The memory row is configured to store a data, wherein the memory row does not provide the data to the buffer in response to a request to read the data. The buffer is configured to store the data as a temporarily-stored data, wherein the buffer provides the temporarily-stored data in response to the request.

A data access system including a processor and a storage system including a main memory and a cache module. The cache module includes a FLC controller and a cache. The cache is configured as a FLC to be accessed prior to accessing the main memory. The processor is coupled to levels of cache separate from the FLC. The processor generates, in response to data required by the processor not being in the levels of cache, a physical address corresponding to a physical location in the storage system. The FLC controller generates a virtual address based on the physical address. The virtual address corresponds to a physical location within the FLC or the main memory. The cache module causes, in response to the virtual address not corresponding to the physical location within the FLC, the data required by the processor to be retrieved from the main memory.

Novel instructions, logic, methods and apparatus are disclosed to test transactional execution status. Embodiments include decoding a first instruction to start a transactional region. Responsive to the first instruction, a checkpoint for a set of architecture state registers is generated and memory accesses from a processing element in the transactional region associated with the first instruction are tracked. A second instruction to detect transactional execution of the transactional region is then decoded. An operation is executed, responsive to decoding the second instruction, to determine if an execution context of the second instruction is within the transactional region. Then responsive to the second instruction, a first flag is updated. In some embodiments, a register may optionally be updated and/or a second flag may optionally be updated responsive to the second instruction.

One or more circuits of a device may comprise a memory. A first portion of a first block of the memory may store program code and/or program data, a second portion of the first block may store an index associated with a second block of the memory, and a third portion of the first block may store an indication of a write status of the first portion. Each bit of the third portion of the first block may indicate whether an attempt to write data to a corresponding one or more words of the first portion of the first block has failed since the last erase of the corresponding one or more words of the first portion of the first block. Whether data to be written to a particular virtual address is written to the first block or the second block may depend on the write status of the first block and the second block.

Novel instructions, logic, methods and apparatus are disclosed to test transactional execution status. Embodiments include decoding a first instruction to start a transactional region. Responsive to the first instruction, a checkpoint for a set of architecture state registers is generated and memory accesses from a processing element in the transactional region associated with the first instruction are tracked. A second instruction to detect transactional execution of the transactional region is then decoded. An operation is executed, responsive to decoding the second instruction, to determine if an execution context of the second instruction is within the transactional region. Then responsive to the second instruction, a first flag is updated. In some embodiments, a register may optionally be updated and/or a second flag may optionally be updated responsive to the second instruction.

Novel instructions, logic, methods and apparatus are disclosed to test transactional execution status. Embodiments include decoding a first instruction to start a transactional region. Responsive to the first instruction, a checkpoint for a set of architecture state registers is generated and memory accesses from a processing element in the transactional region associated with the first instruction are tracked. A second instruction to detect transactional execution of the transactional region is then decoded. An operation is executed, responsive to decoding the second instruction, to determine if an execution context of the second instruction is within the transactional region. Then responsive to the second instruction, a first flag is updated. In some embodiments, a register may optionally be updated and/or a second flag may optionally be updated responsive to the second instruction.