A method, system and computer-readable storage medium for performing a counterfactual generation operation. The counterfactual generation operation includes: receiving a subject data point; classifying the data point via a trained classifier, the classifying providing a classified data point; identifying a counterfactual using the classified data point, the counterfactual comprising another datapoint, the another data point being close to the subject data point, the another data point resulting in production of a different outcome when provided to a model when compared to an outcome resulting from the subject data point being provided to the model; and, providing the counterfactual to a destination.

A method, system and computer-readable storage medium for performing a cognitive information processing operation. The cognitive information processing operation includes: receiving data from a plurality of data sources; processing the data from the plurality of data sources to provide cognitively processed insights via an augmented intelligence system, the augmented intelligence system executing on a hardware processor of an information processing system, the augmented intelligence system and the information processing system providing a cognitive computing function; performing a robustness assessment operation, the robustness assessment operation assessing robustness of the cognitive computing function, the robustness assessment operation generating a robustness score representing robustness of the cognitive computing function; and, providing the cognitively processed insights to a destination, the destination comprising a cognitive application, the cognitive application enabling a user to interact with the cognitive insights.

A method, system and computer-readable storage medium for performing a cognitive information processing operation. The cognitive information processing operation includes: receiving data from a plurality of data sources; processing the data from the plurality of data sources to provide cognitively processed insights via an augmented intelligence system, the augmented intelligence system executing on a hardware processor of an information processing system, the augmented intelligence system and the information processing system providing a cognitive computing function; performing an impartiality assessment operation via an impartiality assessment engine, the impartiality assessment operation detecting a presence of bias in an outcome of the cognitive computing function, the impartiality assessment operation generating a burden score representing the presence of bias in the outcome; and, providing the cognitively processed insights to a destination, the destination comprising a cognitive application, the cognitive application enabling a user to interact with the cognitive insights.

A method, system and computer-readable storage medium for cognitive information processing. The cognitive information processing includes: receiving data from a plurality of data sources; processing the data from the plurality of data sources to provide cognitively processed insights via an augmented intelligence system, the augmented intelligence system executing on a hardware processor of an information processing system, the augmented intelligence system and the information processing system providing a cognitive computing function; performing an augmented intelligence assurance operation, the augmented intelligence assurance operation ensuring augmented intelligence performance of the cognitive computing function; and, providing the cognitively processed insights to a destination, the destination comprising a cognitive application, the cognitive application enabling a user to interact with the cognitive insights.

A method, system and computer-readable storage medium for performing a cognitive information processing operation. The cognitive information processing operation includes: receiving data from a plurality of data sources; processing the data from the plurality of data sources to provide cognitively processed insights via an augmented intelligence system, the augmented intelligence system executing on a hardware processor of an information processing system, the augmented intelligence system and the information processing system providing a cognitive computing function; performing an impartiality assessment operation via an impartiality assessment engine, the impartiality assessment operation detecting a presence of bias in an outcome of the cognitive computing function; and, providing the cognitively processed insights to a destination, the destination comprising a cognitive application, the cognitive application enabling a user to interact with the cognitive insights.

A method, system and computer-readable storage medium for performing a cognitive information processing operation. The cognitive information processing operation includes: receiving data from a plurality of data sources; processing the data from the plurality of data sources to provide cognitively processed insights via an augmented intelligence system, the augmented intelligence system executing on a hardware processor of an information processing system, the augmented intelligence system and the information processing system providing a cognitive computing function; performing a robustness assessment operation via a robustness assessment engine, the robustness assessment operation assessing robustness of the cognitive computing function; and, providing the cognitively processed insights to a destination, the destination comprising a cognitive application, the cognitive application enabling a user to interact with the cognitive insights.

A method, system and computer-readable storage medium for performing a cognitive information processing operation. The cognitive information processing operation includes: receiving data from a plurality of data sources; processing the data from the plurality of data sources to provide cognitively processed insights via an augmented intelligence system, the augmented intelligence system executing on a hardware processor of an information processing system, the augmented intelligence system and the information processing system providing a cognitive computing function; performing an explainability operation via an explainability engine, the explainability operation providing a rationale for an associated cognitive insight; and, providing the cognitively processed insights to a destination, the destination comprising a cognitive application, the cognitive application enabling a user to interact with the cognitive insights.

A method, system and computer-readable storage medium for performing a cognitive information processing operation. The cognitive information processing operation includes: receiving data from a plurality of data sources; processing the data from the plurality of data sources to provide cognitively processed insights via an augmented intelligence system, the augmented intelligence system executing on a hardware processor of an information processing system, the augmented intelligence system and the information processing system providing a cognitive computing function; performing an explainability with recourse operation, the explainability with recourse operation providing an assurance explanation regarding the cognitive computing function; and, providing the cognitively processed insights to a destination, the destination comprising a cognitive application, the cognitive application enabling a user to interact with the cognitive insights.

A method, system and computer-readable storage medium for performing a cognitive information processing operation. The cognitive information processing operation includes: performing a cognitive computing function; performing an augmented intelligence assurance operation, the augmented intelligence assurance operation ensuring augmented intelligence performance of the cognitive computing function; and, providing a cognitive insight regarding the augmented intelligence performance of the cognitive computing function.

Big data, which is too massive to analyze instantly, could cause various problems, including threats to the security by terrorism and intellectual crimes hiding behind its huge volume and complexity. Using topological information as key unit to encode information, every single piece of information is converted into a topology or geometric shape and encoded in a clock without requiring software programming by a human. Each of the converted piece of information itself indicates an event, a decision, etc. that has its own significance/meaning. Geometric shapes integrate within their single decision time and again to find the intricate pattern of any event, including the above-mentioned threats.