A physical access control system enables acceptable portal entry codes upon receiving each physical access request by operating on the elapsed time from a previous physical access request to generate a temporal credential. The controller receives a plurality of physical access requests from a plurality of mobile application devices. Upon authenticating the first access request, the controller eliminates repetition from the space of acceptable successor requests from each mobile application device. Monotonic nonces advance the range of temporal code matches. Entry code generation is decentralized to distributed application devices and is inherently unknowable until a successor access request is initiated by the same application device.

In a vehicle-mounted device, a first time period measuring unit starts measurement of a first time period when detecting an exit movement of a user. Before an elapse of the first time period, a vehicle side transmission unit periodically transmits a response request signal at a predetermined transmission period; and a locking and unlocking control unit keeps a door unlocked while receiving a response signal, locks the door when incapable of receiving the response signal, and keeps the door unlocked when capable of receiving the response signal at the elapse of the first time period. After the first time period is elapsed, the vehicle side transmission unit periodically transmits the response request signal at a second time period; and the locking and unlocking control unit keeps the door unlocked while receiving the response signal, and locks the door when incapable of receiving the response signal.

A server obtains a message that an authorization for requesting an action via a first apparatus is allocated, wherein the action can be caused by a separate control unit. The server compiles information that identifies the action and that allows the first apparatus to check the authorization. The compiled information is transmitted to a second apparatus. The first apparatus can obtain a message from the second apparatus, which is used to request the causing of the action. The first apparatus checks the authorization for the request on the basis of the obtained message and whether the action is an action that is to be caused by the first apparatus or by the control unit. If it is established that authorization exists and that the action is to be caused by the control unit, then the first apparatus transmits a request to the control unit to cause the action.

A method for passive access control including a mobile device serving as key and an interaction unit, the mobile device and the interaction unit having in each case at least one data communication facility for exchanging authorization information. Operations are provided for carrying out an electronic distance measurement between the mobile device and the interaction unit and for permitting an access and/or an interaction only if the distance of the mobile device from the interaction unit is within a permitted distance.

Physical access to secure areas is automatically performed based on presence or detection of a wireless device. When a wireless cellular device is detected by a network serving a secure building, a unique identifier of the wireless cellular device is obtained. The identifier of the wireless cellular device may be compared to electronic calendars. If a matching calendar entry is determined, then the wireless cellular device is calendared to meet an employee or tenant inside the building. Physical access may thus be automatically granted, based on possession of a recognized cellular device.

A locking device that can be mounted into a rotating or swinging door is disclosed. The locking device can have a deadbolt. The locking device can detect the position of the deadbolt and/or whether the door is closed. The locking device can have a camera, microphone and speaker. The locking device can send images detected by the camera and audio detected by the microphones to a remote computer.

A smart key system includes a first transmitting unit, a first receiving unit, and a certification unit that are mounted on a vehicle, and a second receiving unit and a second transmitting unit that are mounted on a portable device. The certification unit performs certification processing of the portable device when the first receiving unit has received a reply signal. The first transmitting unit transmits the polling signal at a transmission timing that is later or earlier than a transmission timing based on the polling signal before the predetermined manipulation is performed, by a predetermined time shorter than a predetermined transmission cycle, when the predetermined manipulation has been performed in a situation where the certification unit does not certify the portable device.

A system comprises a locking mechanism, a mobile device, and a communication device. The communication device is configured to receive an access request from the mobile device. The communication device is further configured to, in response to receiving the access request, generate an expiring electronic key, wherein the expiring electronic key includes an expiration time. The communication device is also configured to send the expiring electronic key to the mobile device. The mobile device is configured to send the access request to the communication device and to receive the expiring electronic key from the communication device via a text message service. The mobile device is also configured to activate the expiring electronic key. The locking mechanism is configured to, in response to the mobile device activating the expiring electronic key, perform a command on the locking mechanism.

A locking device employs improved lock management techniques based on time delay polices that use a random period of time. The locking device receives a first credential of a custodian, validates the first credential and determines a random period of time based upon a time-delay policy when the first credential is validated. The locking device executes a lock release protocol upon expiration of the random period of time.

A smart entry system includes an unlocking sensor, a locking sensor, a smart control unit, and a central control unit. The unlocking sensor detects an operator's intention of unlocking a door. The locking sensor detects the operator's intention of locking the door. The smart control unit confirms whether the operator is an authorized user. The central control unit opens or closes a door lock when the unlocking sensor or the locking sensor is operated and the operator is a regular operator. The central control unit opens the door lock when the unlocking sensor and the locking sensor are operated substantially at the same time while the door lock is in a closed state.