Modular frames for instructional use that provide secure mounts for geometric solids are presented. Some contemplated modular frames can be assembled into three dimensional modular devices and are particularly suitable for instructional purposes. Modular devices comprising two or more frames could be coupled via a clip in two or more different configurations. Containers including conductive material and configured to provide a Faraday cage around their contents are also provided.

Modular frames for instructional use that provide secure mounts for geometric solids are presented. Some contemplated modular frames can be assembled into three dimensional modular devices and are particularly suitable for instructional purposes. Modular devices comprising two or more frames could be coupled via a clip in two or more different configurations. Containers including conductive material and configured to provide a Faraday cage around their contents are also provided.

A three-dimensional object formation instruction apparatus receives information pertaining to distribution of a predetermined physical quantity in a three-dimensional space, and on the basis of the received information, determines a shape of a representation body representing the physical quantity, and then, on the basis of the received information, determines a position at which the representation body representing the physical quantity is to be arranged. The three-dimensional object formation instruction apparatus generates a three-dimensional object formation instruction including an instruction to form an object having the determined shape at the determined position, and outputs the generated instruction.

A three-dimensional object formation instruction apparatus receives information pertaining to distribution of a predetermined physical quantity in a three-dimensional space, and on the basis of the received information, determines a shape of a representation body representing the physical quantity, and then, on the basis of the received information, determines a position at which the representation body representing the physical quantity is to be arranged. The three-dimensional object formation instruction apparatus generates a three-dimensional object formation instruction including an instruction to form an object having the determined shape at the determined position, and outputs the generated instruction.

Modular frames for instructional use that provide secure mounts for geometric solids are presented. Some contemplated modular frames can be assembled into three dimensional modular devices and are particularly suitable for instructional purposes. Modular devices comprising two or more frames could be coupled via a clip in two or more different configurations. Containers including conductive material and configured to provide a Faraday cage around their contents are also provided.

Modular frames for instructional use that provide secure mounts for geometric solids are presented. Some contemplated modular frames can be assembled into three dimensional modular devices and are particularly suitable for instructional purposes. Modular devices comprising two or more frames could be coupled via a clip in two or more different configurations. Containers including conductive material and configured to provide a Faraday cage around their contents are also provided.

A chirality teaching tool includes a central sphere representing a chiral carbon atom, and four projections representing substituents bound to the chiral carbon atom. The central sphere includes two hemispheres rotatable relative to each other. Each of the four projections forms an angle of about 100 to about 120 degrees with each other projection on the same hemisphere, and each projection is capable of forming an angle of about 100 to about 120 degrees with each of the two projections on the other hemisphere. A message indicating the type of chirality (e.g., R or S) is visible from outside the central sphere and displayed on or below the outer surface of the central sphere. The message changes when relative locations of two of the four projections are exchanged by the rotation of the two hemispheres 180 degrees relative to each other.

This invention describes a 4-dimensional periodic table of elements (4D PT) based on the 4 known quantum numbers of the atomn (principal), l (azimuthal), m (magnetic) and s (spin)which determine the 4D Cartesian co-ordinates (n,l,m,s) of a 4-dimensional cubic lattice. Since the four quantum number combinations of each element are unique by Pauli's exclusion principle, each chemical element occupies a different vertex of this lattice and has a unique location in 4D space and hence in the periodic table. The 4D PT of elements extends to chemical molecules and compounds by adding coordinates of individual elements into composite coordinates of molecules and compounds in a larger expansive PT. The higher-dimensional table of elements and compounds can be represented in any digital media or print media as 2D charts or cards. The 4D PT #can be physically built as 3D model kits comprising nodes and connecting struts or 3D blocks or connected 2D panels.

This invention describes a 4-dimensional periodic table of elements (4D PT) based on the 4 known quantum numbers of the atomn (principal), l (azimuthal), m (magnetic) and s (spin)which determine the 4D Cartesian co-ordinates (n,l,m,s) of a 4-dimensional cubic lattice. Since the four quantum number combinations of each element are unique by Pauli's exclusion principle, each chemical element occupies a different vertex of this lattice and has a unique location in 4D space and hence in the periodic table. The 4D PT of elements extends to chemical molecules and compounds by adding coordinates of individual elements into composite coordinates of molecules and compounds in a larger expansive PT. The higher-dimensional table of elements and compounds can be represented in any digital media or print media as 2D charts or cards. The 4D PT #can be physically built as 3D model kits comprising nodes and connecting struts or 3D blocks or connected 2D panels.

A system and method for guided or unguided instruction, comprising a color, or/and a tactilely coded list of most common ions, and a set, of blocks corresponding to a chart, sufficient to represent formula units in any possible combination of ions coded in the chart, is provided. A valid ionic compound (formula unit) model constructed with the present invention is represented by a rectangular, or cuboid, shape having six sides and eight corners and no more than two ionic types represented by blocks having ionic coding.