An image processing device includes a light receiving element, a light emitting element, a battery, a power source circuit electrically coupled to the battery, an operation section, a first substrate provided with the light receiving element, a second substrate provided with the light emitting element, a third substrate provided with the power source circuit, a fourth substrate provided with the operation section, and a casing storing the first substrate, the second substrate, the third substrate, and the fourth substrate, in which the operation section and a region where the light emitting element is disposed are provided at a position where the operation section and the region overlap each other on an optical axis of the light receiving element.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to using a display as a sound emitter and may relate to an electronic device including a display. In particular a vibration sensor such as an accelerometer is physically coupled to the display and senses display vibration to provide a high accuracy feedback loop with respect to representing actual audio output from the display. The electronic device includes an actuator physically coupled to the display and configured to cause vibration of the display in response to an audio signal. The electronic device further includes a vibration sensor physically coupled to the display and configured to output a vibration sensor signal proportional to the vibration of the display due to the actuator.

The Application relates to optically transparent electrostatic transducers. In some embodiments, the transducers comprise graphene. Such transducers are capable of functioning as acoustic sensors and/or transmitters as a singulated device or in an array configuration. Also provided are methods of manufacturing and using such transducers.

An electronic device having a speaker includes: a housing having a front wall member; a cover member detachably attached to the front wall member; a fastening member arranged behind the cover member and fastened to the housing; and a first elastic member provided between the cover member and the fastening member. The cover member, the fastening member, and the first elastic member are arranged inside the housing. The speaker is arranged between the front wall member and the cover member. The front wall member and the cover member are formed so that a closed space is defined by a back surface of a vibration plate, the front wall member, and the cover member. The front wall member is provided with an opening communicating from outside of the housing to the front surface of the vibration plate. The first elastic member contacts the cover member and the fastening member.

An ultrasonic transducer including a membrane film and a perforated baseplate. The baseplate can have a conductive surface with a plurality of perforations formed through the baseplate. The membrane film can have a conductive surface and be positioned under tension proximate to the perforations formed through the baseplate. The tension of the membrane film can be controlled to provide a restoring force to counteract the moving mass of the membrane film, and the moving mass of air in the perforations of the baseplate. By selecting the diameter(s) of the perforations of the baseplate, the thickness of the baseplate, the thickness of the membrane film, the tension of the membrane film, and/or the bending stiffness of the membrane film, a wide bandpass frequency response of the ultrasonic transducer centered at an ultrasonic frequency of interest can be obtained and tailored to a desired application.

An ultrasonic transducer including a membrane film and a perforated baseplate. The baseplate can have a conductive surface with a plurality of perforations formed through the baseplate. The membrane film can have a conductive surface and be positioned under tension proximate to the perforations formed through the baseplate. The tension of the membrane film can be controlled to provide a restoring force to counteract the moving mass of the membrane film, and the moving mass of air in the perforations of the baseplate. By selecting the diameter(s) of the perforations of the baseplate, the thickness of the baseplate, the thickness of the membrane film, the tension of the membrane film, and/or the bending stiffness of the membrane film, a wide bandpass frequency response of the ultrasonic transducer centered at an ultrasonic frequency of interest can be obtained and tailored to a desired application.

Flextensional transducers and methods of using flextensional transducers. The transducer includes a piezoelectric element and may include at least one endcap coupled with the piezoelectric element. The endcap may have an outer portion formed of a first material and an inner portion formed of a second material having a greater flexibility than the first material. The endcap may be coupled with an annular piezoelectric element near either its outer circumference or its inner circumference. The piezoelectric element may be a planar disk or have a curved bowl-shape. The transducer may be coupled with, and at least partially restrained by, a support structure. The transducer may also be configured to permit light to pass therethrough.

A system that includes a vehicle horn can reduce noise pollution caused by vehicles. The system can include a vehicle horn that has a signal-based mode and a sound-based mode. In the signal-based mode, the vehicle horn can output an electronic signal. In the sound-based mode, the vehicle horn can output an audible signal. The system can select one of the signal-based mode and the sound-based mode for the vehicle horn based on the driving environment data acquired by one or more sensors. Upon receiving a horn command, the system can cause the vehicle horn to output a signal based on the selected mode.

An image processing device includes a light receiving element, a light emitting element, and an operation section. The operation section and a region where the light emitting element is disposed are provided at a position where the operation section and the region overlap each other on an optical axis of the light receiving element.

An image processing device includes a light receiving element, a light emitting element, and an operation section. The operation section and a region where the light emitting element is disposed are provided at a position where the operation section and the region overlap each other on an optical axis of the light receiving element.