Techniques are described for collecting feedback on a display comprising a plurality of emitters arranged in a column. Each emitter is driven by a respective emitter cell that generates a driving current for the emitter based on digital data or an analog representation thereof. The digital data or analog representation is sequentially shifted through the entire column. An electrical signal associated with a last emitter to be driven based on the digital data or analog representation is measured, along a feedback path formed by selectively opening or closing a first switch and a second switch, which are respectively connectable to an anode and a cathode of the last emitter. Since each emitter cell contributes to the electrical signal, the value of the electrical signal is indicative of whether there is a problem with an emitter cell somewhere in the column. The subsequently driving of the emitters is adjusted accordingly.

The present invention discloses a transmission method and device based on a management data input/output multi-source agreement. The method includes that: at least one frame is sent, and a host indicates, according to opcodes carried by the at least one frame, to perform a data reading operation or a continuous data reading operation or a data writing operation on an optical module; the at least one frame is used, during checking, for respectively calculating check values at the host and the optical module; it is determined, according to a result of comparison between the check values, whether the check values are correct, and it is decided whether it is needed to repeat the data reading operation or the continuous data reading operation or the data writing operation.

The present invention discloses a transmission method and device based on a management data input/output multi-source agreement. The method includes that: at least one frame is sent, and a host indicates, according to opcodes carried by the at least one frame, to perform a data reading operation or a continuous data reading operation or a data writing operation on an optical module; the at least one frame is used, during checking, for respectively calculating check values at the host and the optical module; it is determined, according to a result of comparison between the check values, whether the check values are correct, and it is decided whether it is needed to repeat the data reading operation or the continuous data reading operation or the data writing operation.

In a memory system, receiver reference voltage adjustment per path provides the capability to adjust receiver reference voltages on a per path basis. Adjustment of receiver reference voltages for the memory device to an optimal receiver reference voltage per path is accomplished with dedicated mode registers and a local receiver voltage reference adjuster circuit in the memory device for each data path. The optimal receiver reference voltage is determined during training based on selected feedback per path from the memory device. The dedicated mode registers contain adjustment values that were previously programmed during training, and include adjustments steps to add to or subtract from a global receiver reference voltage for all paths until reaching the optimal receiver reference voltage for a current path.