The disclosure relates to electrochemical sensors for measuring creatinine and creatine in a patient's blood. More particularly, the disclosure relates to compositions and methods for improving measurement accuracy of electrochemical sensors used for measuring creatinine and creatine.

The present disclosure is related to a developing method of candidate probes and a using method thereof. Specifically, the candidate probes are capable binding specific genes and further identifying the primary site of a metastatic cancer in a subject in need thereof. Briefly, the developing method comprises the steps of: (a) using a chip to generate gene expressions of metastasis cancer samples with well known primary sites; (b) using a processing module to compare the gene expressions of metastasis cancer samples; and (c) developing candidate probes based on the previous comparing results. The using method comprises the steps of: (a) using the previous candidate probes to detect the relative gene expression in a test sample with unknown primary site; and (b) using a processing module to predict the primary site of the test sample. Moreover, the present disclosure further provides a system used to conduct the above method, and the system comprises a detecting chip including an array with the candidate probes and a processing module.

The present disclosure is related to a developing method of candidate probes and a using method thereof. Specifically, the candidate probes are capable binding specific genes and further identifying the primary site of a metastatic cancer in a subject in need thereof. Briefly, the developing method comprises the steps of: (a) using a chip to generate gene expressions of metastasis cancer samples with well known primary sites; (b) using a processing module to compare the gene expressions of metastasis cancer samples; and (c) developing candidate probes based on the previous comparing results. The using method comprises the steps of: (a) using the previous candidate probes to detect the relative gene expression in a test sample with unknown primary site; and (b) using a processing module to predict the primary site of the test sample. Moreover, the present disclosure further provides a system used to conduct the above method, and the system comprises a detecting chip including an array with the candidate probes and a processing module.

Provided is a method of analyzing sample data based on a genomic module network by means of a computer apparatus. The method includes filtering first gene expression data for a normal or tumor tissue, which is the same tissue as a specific tissue, and second gene expression data for a target tissue to be analyzed, which is the same tissue as the specific tissue, on the basis of a specific module among a plurality of genomic modules; and classifying genes into a plurality of new genomic modules on the basis of an entropy determined using the filtered first gene expression data and determining, for genes belonging to at least one of the plurality of new genomic modules, a first degree of variation of the target tissue relative to the normal or tumor tissue in the at least one genomic module using the filtered first gene expression data and the filtered second gene expression data.

Provided is a method of analyzing sample data based on a genomic module network by means of a computer apparatus. The method includes filtering first gene expression data for a normal or tumor tissue, which is the same tissue as a specific tissue, and second gene expression data for a target tissue to be analyzed, which is the same tissue as the specific tissue, on the basis of a specific module among a plurality of genomic modules; and classifying genes into a plurality of new genomic modules on the basis of an entropy determined using the filtered first gene expression data and determining, for genes belonging to at least one of the plurality of new genomic modules, a first degree of variation of the target tissue relative to the normal or tumor tissue in the at least one genomic module using the filtered first gene expression data and the filtered second gene expression data.

Assays, kits and methods useful in the field of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosis and management for determining and providing SLE treatment adjustment include methods for detecting SLE resolution and for adjusting treatment in a subject hitherto diagnosed as having SLE.

Assays, kits and methods useful in the field of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) diagnosis and management for determining and providing SLE treatment adjustment include methods for detecting SLE resolution and for adjusting treatment in a subject hitherto diagnosed as having SLE.

The present invention relates to temozolomide resistant glioblastoma cells lines. Further, the present invention relates to a method for identifying, screening and characterizing temozolomide resistant cells derived from glioblastoma cells lines in patients diagnosed with glioblastoma and undergoing treatment with temozolomide and/or in patients on the part to recovery to avoid or treat relapse. The issue of temozolomide resistance at the level of diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma is undertaken by the present invention to be solved by the present invention.

The present invention relates to temozolomide resistant glioblastoma cells lines. Further, the present invention relates to a method for identifying, screening and characterizing temozolomide resistant cells derived from glioblastoma cells lines in patients diagnosed with glioblastoma and undergoing treatment with temozolomide and/or in patients on the part to recovery to avoid or treat relapse. The issue of temozolomide resistance at the level of diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma is undertaken by the present invention to be solved by the present invention.

A high-throughput hybridization and reading method for biochips uses probes with different marks to specifically connect single nucleotide loci by conducting connection between the probes and target genes at different temperatures, and performing hybridization at the same temperature after the probes are connected, thereby achieving hybridization detection for various loci in a single chip. The method enables fast detection for multiple loci as required by personalized medicine. The detection is high-throughput and systematized and provides highly visualized and highly accurate results. The method allows detection for different loci at different hybridization temperatures to be done simultaneously. The method features highly uniform and repeatable detection, making biochips more efficient and utility in terms of detection. Besides, the chip is easy to prepare and use, thus having a good promotional value.