Apparatus, systems, and methods for tracking the location of an individual during a fitness activity are disclosed. A method of tracking a participant engaged in a fitness activity includes determining a location of the participant during the fitness activity based on data received at a portable fitness device used by the participant; determining a location of a spectator during the fitness activity based on data received at a mobile spectator device used by the spectator; from a server, sending an alert to a spectator at a spectator device during the fitness activity indicating that the participant is within a predetermined distance of the spectator; and sending an alert to the portable fitness device during the fitness activity indicating that the spectator is within a predetermined distance of the participant.

This application discloses a novel technique to calculate time of day (TOD) by a user equipment (UE) or an Internet of Things (IoT) device using location coordinates of the radio unit (RU) of an IoT network or another IoT. Once the UE (IoT device) receives location coordinates of the RU or another IoT device, using its own location coordinates can calculate the distance between the RU or another IoT device and the UE (IoT device). If the RU or another IoT device sends a time stamp which indicates TOD at its antenna port in its system information, or broadcast packet, then UE (IoT device) uses this time stamp and its distance from the RU or another IoT device to calculate its TOD.

This application discloses a novel technique to calculate time of day (TOD) by a user equipment (UE) or an Internet of Things (IoT) device using location coordinates of the radio unit (RU) of an IoT network or another IoT. Once the UE (IoT device) receives location coordinates of the RU or another IoT device, using its own location coordinates can calculate the distance between the RU or another IoT device and the UE (IoT device). If the RU or another IoT device sends a time stamp which indicates TOD at its antenna port in its system information, or broadcast packet, then UE (IoT device) uses this time stamp and its distance from the RU or another IoT device to calculate its TOD.

This application discloses the structure of an object control system (OCS) for navigation of moving objects. The structure consists of cells that have circular, square, or hexagonal shape. The cells are identical with the same square meter (feet) area or in certain areas accommodate smaller cells within them. All cells have an operation frame with the same duration and a time of day for the start of first frame. All objects within a cell function as an IoT device and use a time slot within the operation frame to broadcast a time stamp, the operation frame structure and object's location coordinates.

The rise of the connected objects known as the “Internet of Things” (IoT) will rival past technological marvels. This application discloses a novel cyber-attack mitigation technique for navigation and protection system of moving vehicles in cities, towns, country roads and freeways. The mitigation technique uses a signature stablished from all information data that received by navigation and protection system. The signature is based on a database table of fixed and variable data received by navigation and protection system (NPS). The NPS uses this signature database table to detect if a received data is valid and ignore it if identified as a cyber-attack.

The rise of the connected objects known as the “Internet of Things” (IoT) will rival past technological marvels. This application discloses a novel cyber-attack mitigation technique for navigation and protection system of moving vehicles in cities, towns, country roads and freeways. The mitigation technique uses a signature stablished from all information data that received by navigation and protection system. The signature is based on a database table of fixed and variable data received by navigation and protection system (NPS). The NPS uses this signature database table to detect if a received data is valid and ignore it if identified as a cyber-attack.

Wireless tracking devices are configured to automatically turn on and off without user interactions. Wireless tracking devices operating in a first mode perform periodic scans of an environment. Scanning may, for example, determine a number of other tracking devices within a threshold distance, or may comprise capturing sensor data using one or more sensors of the wireless tracking device. Based on information captured by the scan, wireless tracking devices determine that a change in environment or status of a journey has occurred and enters a second mode of operation.

The present invention describes a contactless signaling system for retail and other commercial environments whereby customers or workers can submit requests for assistance without the need to physically touch any button or other input device. A contactless call button unit comprises a proximity sensor operatively communicating with transmission means for sending a signal to at least one of a hub appliance and an employee communication receiver. The proximity sensor is triggered without requiring the user to physically contact the call button unit. Instead, when a portion of the user's body, such as the user's hand or finger, is within a predefined distance from the call button unit for a predefined period of time, a signal will be transmitted with a call request message.

The present invention describes a contactless signaling system for retail and other commercial environments whereby customers or workers can submit requests for assistance without the need to physically touch any button or other input device. A contactless call button unit comprises a proximity sensor operatively communicating with transmission means for sending a signal to at least one of a hub appliance and an employee communication receiver. The proximity sensor is triggered without requiring the user to physically contact the call button unit. Instead, when a portion of the user's body, such as the user's hand or finger, is within a predefined distance from the call button unit for a predefined period of time, a signal will be transmitted with a call request message.

Embodiments monitor items corresponding to a vehicle. Embodiments determine a maximum speed of the vehicle. Embodiments determine a last known first geo-location of a first item, the first geo-location including a first location and corresponding first time and determines a last known second geo-location of a second item, the second geo-location including a second location and corresponding second time. Embodiments determine a reachability radius including a difference between the second time and the first time and multiplying the difference by the maximum speed. Embodiments determine a distance between the first location and the second location and when the distance is greater than the reachability radius, determine that the first item is detached from the second item.