The reactor core includes at least one module, solid and liquid neutron moderators. The module contains a casing, at least one heat pipe, one fuel element and thermal insulation. The heat pipe is in the shape of a casing with a wick and contains a coolant. The fuel element is made of nuclear fuel, arranged in the evaporation area of the heat pipe around its casing in thermal contact with it, and enclosed in a can. Low-melting metals with a high boiling point are used as the coolant of the heat pipe. Thermal insulation is arranged between the can and the casing of the module. At least one hole is made in the solid neutron moderator, in which at least one module is arranged. The space between the casing of the module and the solid neutron moderator is filled with a liquid neutron moderator.

A structured plasma cell includes a first electrode including a first plurality of micro-cavities and a first plasma disposed within one or more micro-cavities of the first plurality of micro-cavities. The structured plasma cell also includes a second electrode including a second plurality of micro-cavities and a second plasma disposed within one or more micro-cavities of the second plurality of micro-cavities. The structured plasma cell also includes an inter-electrode gap disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.

A structured plasma cell includes a first electrode including a first plurality of micro-cavities and a first plasma disposed within one or more micro-cavities of the first plurality of micro-cavities. The structured plasma cell also includes a second electrode including a second plurality of micro-cavities and a second plasma disposed within one or more micro-cavities of the second plurality of micro-cavities. The structured plasma cell also includes an inter-electrode gap disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments enable a Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cell (NTAC) to capture gamma ray photons emitted during a fission process, such as a fission process of Uranium-235 (U-235), and to breed and use a new gamma ray source to increase an overall emission flux of gamma ray photons. Various embodiments combine a fission process with the production of Co-60, thereby boosting the output flux of gamma ray photons for use by a NTAC in generating power. Various embodiments combine a fission process with the production of Co-60, a NTAC generating avalanche cell power, and a thermoelectric generator generating thermoelectric power.

Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments enable a Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cell (NTAC) to capture gamma ray photons emitted during a fission process, such as a fission process of Uranium-235 (U-235), and to breed and use a new gamma ray source to increase an overall emission flux of gamma ray photons. Various embodiments combine a fission process with the production of Co-60, thereby boosting the output flux of gamma ray photons for use by a NTAC in generating power. Various embodiments combine a fission process with the production of Co-60, a NTAC generating avalanche cell power, and a thermoelectric generator generating thermoelectric power.

Various disclosed embodiments include elements for mitigating electron reflection in a vacuum electronic device, vacuum electronic devices that incorporate elements for mitigating electron reflection, and methods of fabricating elements for reducing reflection of electrons off an electrode. An illustrative electrode assembly includes an electrode. Elements are configured to reduce reflection of electrons off the electrode.

Various disclosed embodiments include elements for mitigating electron reflection in a vacuum electronic device, vacuum electronic devices that incorporate elements for mitigating electron reflection, and methods of fabricating elements for reducing reflection of electrons off an electrode. An illustrative electrode assembly includes an electrode. Elements are configured to reduce reflection of electrons off the electrode.

A nuclear energy reactor core includes at least one module, solid and liquid neutron moderators. The module comprises the housing, at least one heat pipe, at least one fuel element, casing and heat insulation. The heat pipe is configured as the housing and wick, and comprises the evaporating coolant. The fuel element consists of the shell and nuclear fuel. The heat pipe evaporation and fuel elements are enclosed into the casing filled with the liquid coolant. The high-melting hot metals, for example, lithium, calcium, lead, silver, are used as the heat pipe coolant and liquid coolant of the casing. The heat insulation is arranged in the space between the casing and module housing. The solid neutron moderator has at least one hole, wherein at least one module is located. The space between the solid neutron moderator and module is filled with the liquid neutron moderator.

A method for generating electricity includes generating electricity at a first reactor with a nuclear fuel element and removing the nuclear fuel element from the first reactor. The method also includes providing the nuclear fuel element at a second reactor and generating electricity at the second reactor with the nuclear fuel element.

A method for generating electricity includes generating electricity at a first reactor with a nuclear fuel element and removing the nuclear fuel element from the first reactor. The method also includes providing the nuclear fuel element at a second reactor and generating electricity at the second reactor with the nuclear fuel element.