A generator (100) of the present invention has a heat source (101) containing a radioisotope substance precursor that becomes a radioisotope substance by irradiation with a neutron and a controller (108) that controls the irradiation with the neutron.

A modular and transportable nuclear reactor system comprising a transportation module including a housing. A cask and a radiation shielding section are located in the housing with the shielding surrounding the cask. A high temperature sodium cooled reactor is located in the cask and the reactor is cooled by the natural circulation of in-vessel sodium. The reactor powers at least one thermal-to-electric conversion unit.

A modular and transportable nuclear reactor system comprising a transportation module including a housing. A cask and a radiation shielding section are located in the housing with the shielding surrounding the cask. A high temperature sodium cooled reactor is located in the cask and the reactor is cooled by the natural circulation of in-vessel sodium. The reactor powers at least one thermal-to-electric conversion unit.

A structured plasma cell includes a first electrode including a first plurality of micro-cavities and a first plasma disposed within one or more micro-cavities of the first plurality of micro-cavities. The structured plasma cell also includes a second electrode including a second plurality of micro-cavities and a second plasma disposed within one or more micro-cavities of the second plurality of micro-cavities. The structured plasma cell also includes an inter-electrode gap disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.

A structured plasma cell includes a first electrode including a first plurality of micro-cavities and a first plasma disposed within one or more micro-cavities of the first plurality of micro-cavities. The structured plasma cell also includes a second electrode including a second plurality of micro-cavities and a second plasma disposed within one or more micro-cavities of the second plurality of micro-cavities. The structured plasma cell also includes an inter-electrode gap disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Systems, methods, and devices of the various embodiments enable a Nuclear Thermionic Avalanche Cell (NTAC) to capture gamma ray photons emitted during a fission process, such as a fission process of Uranium-235 (U-235), and to breed and use a new gamma ray source to increase an overall emission flux of gamma ray photons. Various embodiments combine a fission process with the production of Co-60, thereby boosting the output flux of gamma ray photons for use by a NTAC in generating power. Various embodiments combine a fission process with the production of Co-60, a NTAC generating avalanche cell power, and a thermoelectric generator generating thermoelectric power.

An electric power source in which an electron collector and an electron emitter, having a higher work function than the electron collector, are connected peripherally by a wire and placed very close together. An electric potential difference develops between the electron collector and the electron emitter as electrons spontaneously flow through the wire from the electron collector to the electron emitter due to the difference in work functions. With the electron collector and electron emitter positioned extremely close together, the small electric potential difference creates a strong electric field. The strong electric field allows field emission of electrons from the electron emitter. The emitted electrons then cross the small gap to the electron collector, completing the electric circuit, allowing a continuous electric current to flow, making this device an electric power source.

An electric power source in which an electron collector and an electron emitter, having a higher work function than the electron collector, are connected peripherally by a wire and placed very close together. An electric potential difference develops between the electron collector and the electron emitter as electrons spontaneously flow through the wire from the electron collector to the electron emitter due to the difference in work functions. With the electron collector and electron emitter positioned extremely close together, the small electric potential difference creates a strong electric field. The strong electric field allows field emission of electrons from the electron emitter. The emitted electrons then cross the small gap to the electron collector, completing the electric circuit, allowing a continuous electric current to flow, making this device an electric power source.

A drillhole plug includes a frame or housing of a corrosion-resistant material and sized to fit within a milled portion of a directional drillhole that includes a hazardous waste repository; and a material that fills at least a portion of the frame or housing. The material exhibits creep such that the material fills one or more voids between the frame or housing and a subterranean formation adjacent the milled portion of the directional drillhole.

Devices and methods are provided for the low-cost manufacturing of thermoelectric power-generation devices (thermopiles) using stable, common materials that can function at very high temperatures. An improved geometry for thermocouple elements in the assembly provides for incorporating a large number of thermocouples. The geometry includes holes and cross-channels in an electrically-insulative device body comprising a material such as a ceramic or glass whereby thermocouple material may be deposited and the device heated to sinter or melt the deposited thermocouple material to form a thermopile. Also provided is a thermopile assembly wherein substrates formed by 3D printing or otherwise are stacked to create the thermopile. These device geometries and manufacturing procedures enable the low-cost production of thermopiles comprised of a massive number of thermocouple elements, from hundreds to hundreds of thousands or more, for electrical power generation using common, standard metallic thermocouple materials and common, widely used electrical insulation materials.