A radiation powered device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a semiconductor disposed between the first and second electrodes, and a radioactive source configured to generate a flow of electrons through the semiconductor between the first and second electrodes, wherein the semiconductor comprises diamond material, wherein the radioactive source is embedded within the diamond material, wherein the radioactive source comprises a beta-emitting radioisotope, and atoms of the radioisotope are either substitutionally or interstitially integrated into the diamond material, wherein the diamond material comprises a plurality of regions in the form of layers within a continuous crystal lattice of the diamond material, and wherein at least one layer of the diamond material comprises the radioactive source and at least one layer of the diamond material does not comprise the radioactive source.

A radiation powered device includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a semiconductor disposed between the first and second electrodes, and a radioactive source configured to generate a flow of electrons through the semiconductor between the first and second electrodes, wherein the semiconductor comprises diamond material, wherein the radioactive source is embedded within the diamond material, wherein the radioactive source comprises a beta-emitting radioisotope, and atoms of the radioisotope are either substitutionally or interstitially integrated into the diamond material, wherein the diamond material comprises a plurality of regions in the form of layers within a continuous crystal lattice of the diamond material, and wherein at least one layer of the diamond material comprises the radioactive source and at least one layer of the diamond material does not comprise the radioactive source.

Provided herein is a radiation powered device comprising a semiconductor comprising a diamond material.

Provided herein is a radiation powered device comprising a semiconductor comprising a diamond material.

A supercapacitor consisting of a tight protective housing, first and second electrodes, which are electrically insulated from each other. One or both electrodes are also insulated from the housing. Free volume of the cell and the space between the electrodes are filled with electrolyte fluid. On the surface of the first electrode there are applied carbonaceous materials comprising C-14 isotope. Method of supercapacitor construction lies in the preparation of the first and second electrodes with application of the surface layer made of carbonaceous materials, allocation of the first and second electrodes inside the tight housing and their electric insulation from each other, filling of the housing with electrolyte fluid. Into the layer of carbonaceous materials onto the surface of the first electrode the C-14 isotope is introduced.

A betavoltaic power source. The power source comprises a source of beta particles and a plurality of regions each for collecting the beta particles and for generating electron hole pairs responsive to the beta particle flux. A first set of the plurality of regions is disposed proximate a first surface of the source and a second set of the plurality of regions is disposed proximate a second surface. The first and second surface in opposing relation. A secondary power source is charged by a current developed by the electron hole pairs.

A betavoltaic power source. The power source comprises a source of beta particles and a plurality of regions each for collecting the beta particles and for generating electron hole pairs responsive to the beta particle flux. A first set of the plurality of regions is disposed proximate a first surface of the source and a second set of the plurality of regions is disposed proximate a second surface. The first and second surface in opposing relation. A secondary power source is charged by a current developed by the electron hole pairs.

A beta-voltaic device made up of silica covered scintillating particles incorporated within an isotope absorbing layer to produce an improved power source. Lost beta particles are converted to UV light which is also converted to power in a beta-voltaic converter. The addition of the scintillating particles effectively increases the power efficiency of a BV device while maintaining the slim profile and smaller size of the power source. This arrangement makes possible implementation in space, defense, intelligence, medical implants, marine biology and other applications.

Various embodiments of a nuclear radiation particle power converter and method of forming such power converter are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the power converter can include first and second electrodes, a three-dimensional current collector disposed between the first and second electrodes and electrically coupled to the first electrode, and a charge carrier separator disposed on at least a portion of a surface of the three-dimensional current collector. The power converter can also include a hole conductor layer disposed on at least a portion of the charge carrier separator and electrically coupled to the second electrode, and nuclear radiation-emitting material disposed such that at least one nuclear radiation particle emitted by the nuclear radiation-emitting material is incident upon the charge carrier separator.

Various embodiments of a nuclear radiation particle power converter and method of forming such power converter are disclosed. In one or more embodiments, the power converter can include first and second electrodes, a three-dimensional current collector disposed between the first and second electrodes and electrically coupled to the first electrode, and a charge carrier separator disposed on at least a portion of a surface of the three-dimensional current collector. The power converter can also include a hole conductor layer disposed on at least a portion of the charge carrier separator and electrically coupled to the second electrode, and nuclear radiation-emitting material disposed such that at least one nuclear radiation particle emitted by the nuclear radiation-emitting material is incident upon the charge carrier separator.