The present application relates to an atom interferometry method. The atom interferometry method releases atoms from an atom source into an interferometer region. Pulses of light are then directed at the atoms to place the atoms in different quantum states and to recombine the quantum states such that the recombined quantum states interfere with each other when the quantum states are overlapped spatially. The recombined quantum states creates a spatial fringe pattern with a phase. The spatial fringe pattern and the phase of the spatial fringe pattern are detected when the quantum states are overlapped spatially. The overlapped spatial fringe pattern is then used to measure physical quantities such as local gravity, the gravitational constant, the fine structure constant, the ratio of Planck's constant to the atomic mass, rotation of the atom interferometer, acceleration of the atom interferometer, and the like.

The production device includes a laser incident unit, a scientific chamber, a reflection unit, and a light path coincidence calibration unit detachably arranged. The light path coincidence calibration unit includes: a fourth polarizing beam splitter, a fourth half-wave plate and a fifth half-wave plate sequentially arranged on a laser path of the laser incident unit; and an optical power probe arranged on the reflection path of the fourth polarizing beam splitter. The fourth half-wave plate and the fifth half-wave plate are adjusted so that the light is reflected when passing through the fourth polarizing beam splitter. The optical power probe can receive the reflected light, the angle of the reflected light can be changed by adjusting the reflection unit; the angle change of the reflected light may directly influence the intensity of the reflected light received by the optical power probe.

An optical trap for laser cooling and trapping atoms. Three Z pairs of laser beams are directed to cross in a vacuum chamber at a common intersection volume, wherein each pair is formed by two counterpropagating beams. Rather than having a mutually orthogonal arrangement in which each beam pair forms an angle χ of 45° to a reference axis, z, these angles are instead between 5°≤χ≤40°. Moreover, in each beam pair, the counterpropagating beams are not precisely aligned in a common path, as in a conventional magneto-optical trap, but are slightly misaligned by respective misalignement angles [α, β, κ] of typically 0.1° to 2°. The misalignment angles and beam widths are however selected so that a common intersection volume for all six beams is maintained This provides an all-optical trap in which laser cooling and trapping of atoms takes place without a magnetic field being present.

A nanotweezer and method of trapping and dynamic manipulation thereby are provided. The nanotweezer comprises a first metastructure including a first substrate, a first electrode, and a plurality of plasmonic nanostructures arranged in an array, and a trapping region laterally displaced from the array; a second metastructure including a second substrate and a second electrode; a microfluidic channel between the first metastructure and the second metastructure; a voltage source configured to selectively apply an electric field between the first electrode and the second electrode; and a light source configured to selectively apply an excitation light to the microfluidic channel at a first location corresponding to the array, thereby to trap a nanoparticle at a second location corresponding to the trapping region.

An optical microstructure is configured to work with an optical fiber or a different substrate and the optical microstructure includes a beam converter including a tapered optical guide configured to transform a gaussian optical beam into a first annular optical beam; an inverted cone having first and second reflection surfaces, each configured to reflect the first annular optical beam, having a radius R1, so that a resulting second annular optical beam has a radius R2 larger than the radius R1; and a prism having a reflection surface configured to reflect the second annular optical beam to form a third converging annular optical beam. The third converging annular optical beam includes plural single optical beams that intersect at a given crossing point, outside the optical microstructure. The plural single optical beams form an optical trap.

An alkali metal vapor enclosure comprising: an internal surface comprising nanostructures; a transmissive portion to enable the internal surface to be illuminated; wherein the enclosure contains atoms of an alkali metal which are in a vapor state and/or adsorbed onto the internal surface; and wherein illumination of the internal surface via the transmissive portion with light having a frequency to cause a temperature rise in the nanostructures by exciting an enhanced optical extinction mechanism in the nanostructures, causes an increase in the density of the alkali metal vapor.

The present application relates to an atom interferometry method. The atom interferometry method releases atoms from an atom source into an interferometer region. Pulses of light are then directed at the atoms to place the atoms in different quantum states and to recombine the quantum states such that the recombined quantum states interfere with each other when the quantum states are overlapped spatially. The recombined quantum states creates a spatial fringe pattern with a phase. The spatial fringe pattern and the phase of the spatial fringe pattern are detected when the quantum states are overlapped spatially. The overlapped spatial fringe pattern is then used to measure physical quantities such as local gravity, the gravitational constant, the fine structure constant, the ratio of Planck's constant to the atomic mass, rotation of the atom interferometer, acceleration of the atom interferometer, and the like.

An optical tweezer phonon laser system and method for modulating mechanical vibrations of an optically levitated mechanical oscillator to produce coherence is disclosed. A feedback loop is configured to simultaneously supply an electro-optic modulator with an amplification signal and a cooling signal representing an amplification force linear in the mechanical oscillator momentum and a cooling force nonlinear in the mechanical oscillator variable position and linear in the momentum, respectively controlling the intensity of a trap beam levitating the mechanical oscillator.

A method determines a total velocity average cross-section parameter σ.sub.totν in a relationship of the form Γ.sub.loss(U)=n.sub.bσ.sub.totν.Math.ƒ(U, U.sub.d), where: Γ.sub.loss(U) is a rate of exponential loss of sensor atoms from a cold atom sensor trap of trap depth potential energy U in a vacuum environment due to collisions with residual particles in the vacuum environment; n.sub.b is a number density of residual particles in the vacuum environment; U.sub.d is a parameter given by $U_d=\sqrt{2k_{B}T/m_{\mathrm{bg}}}\frac{4\pi {\hslash }^2}{m_t.Math.{\sigma }_{\mathrm{tot}}v.Math.}$
which relates the masses of the sensor atoms m.sub.t and residual particles m.sub.bg to the total velocity average cross-section parameter

Systems and methods relate to arranging atoms into 1D and/or 2D arrays; exciting the atoms into Rydberg states and evolving the array of atoms, for example, using laser manipulation techniques and high-fidelity laser systems described herein; and observing the resulting final state. In addition, refinements can be made, such as providing high fidelity and coherent control of the assembled array of atoms. Exemplary problems can be solved using the systems and methods for arrangement and control of atoms.