A computer implemented system and method for providing general data protection regulation (GDPR) compliant hashing in blockchain ledgers. The invention guarantees a user's right to be forgotten, in compliance with the GDPR regulations, utilizing blockchain technologies.

Disclosed herein are laser scanning systems and methods of their use. In some embodiments, laser scanning systems can be used to ablatively or non-ablatively scan a surface of a material. Some embodiments include methods of scanning a multi-layer structure. Some embodiments include translating a focus-adjust optical system so as to vary laser beam diameter. Some embodiments make use of a 20-bit laser scanning system.

Disclosed herein are laser scanning systems and methods of their use. In some embodiments, laser scanning systems can be used to ablatively or non-ablatively scan a surface of a material. Some embodiments include methods of scanning a multi-layer structure. Some embodiments include translating a focus-adjust optical system so as to vary laser beam diameter. Some embodiments make use of a 20-bit laser scanning system.

Particle therapy systems and methods for treating patients are provided. In one implementation, a particle therapy system may include an interaction chamber for containing a target and an electromagnetic radiation source configured to generate a pulsed electromagnetic radiation beam of at least about 100 terawatts and at a repetition rate of at least about 20 Hz. The particle therapy system may further include optics configured to direct the pulsed electromagnetic radiation beam along a path towards a target in the interaction chamber. The particle therapy system may further include an actuator configured to cause relative movement between the target and the electromagnetic radiation beam at a speed associated with the repetition rate of the electromagnetic radiation source, to thereby vary a location of interaction of the pulsed electromagnetic radiation beam on a surface of the target and thereby cause a resultant emission from the target of at least about 3×10.sup.6 charged particles per pulse.

Disclosed is a radiation and magnetic field generating apparatus irradiating photon beam radiation to in-body affected tissue of a subject. The apparatus includes a radiation generating unit that irradiates the photon beam radiation to the subject and induces generation of secondary electrons in an area of the subject where the photon beam radiation is irradiated, a magnetic field generating unit that includes an insertion structure for forming a low-density space and forms a magnetic field in an area in which the secondary electrons are generated, and a synchronization control unit that controls formation of the magnetic field and controls the formation of the magnetic field such that the secondary electrons move while avoiding normal tissue adjacent to the affected tissue.

Disclosed is a radiation and magnetic field generating apparatus irradiating photon beam radiation to in-body affected tissue of a subject. The apparatus includes a radiation generating unit that irradiates the photon beam radiation to the subject and induces generation of secondary electrons in an area of the subject where the photon beam radiation is irradiated, a magnetic field generating unit that includes an insertion structure for forming a low-density space and forms a magnetic field in an area in which the secondary electrons are generated, and a synchronization control unit that controls formation of the magnetic field and controls the formation of the magnetic field such that the secondary electrons move while avoiding normal tissue adjacent to the affected tissue.

Presented systems and methods facilitate efficient and effective generation and delivery of radiation. In one embodiment, a radiation system includes a patient station, wherein the patient station includes a plurality of accelerator systems, and a microwave generation system configured to generate microwaves for the plurality of accelerators. The plurality of accelerators can be configured to provide substantially simultaneous multiple radiation beams from the plurality of accelerators. In one exemplary implementation, the microwave generation system includes a plurality of radio frequency (RF) sources, wherein respective ones of the plurality of RF sources generate separate microwave signals for corresponding respective ones of the plurality of accelerator systems, and a plurality of modulators, wherein respective ones of the plurality of modulators modulate generation of the separate microwave signals by the respective ones of the plurality of RF sources. The respective ones of the plurality of RF sources and plurality of modulators can be included in a respective plurality of RF chains, wherein respective ones of the plurality of RF chains include a respective circulator and dose rate servo. Multiple radiation beams from the respective plurality of accelerator systems are configured to be transmitted from different orientations.

The invention provides a charged particle irradiation apparatus including: a collimator apparatus provided in an irradiation nozzle that emits a charged particle beam to an irradiation target; and a collimator control unit that controls the collimator apparatus. The collimator apparatus includes a collimator mechanism having one or more arm-shape collimators extending from a base part and a drive mechanism that moves the collimator mechanism on a plane perpendicular to a traveling direction of a charged particle beam. The arm-shape collimator includes one or more movable leaves that rotate independently of each other on the perpendicular plane. By moving the collimator mechanism and/or rotating the movable leaves so that the arm-shape collimators are arranged along a shape of an edge of an irradiation target on the perpendicular plane, the collimator control unit causes the arm-shape collimators to block a charged particle beam that would otherwise irradiate outside of the edge of the irradiation target.

The invention provides a charged particle irradiation apparatus including: a collimator apparatus provided in an irradiation nozzle that emits a charged particle beam to an irradiation target; and a collimator control unit that controls the collimator apparatus. The collimator apparatus includes a collimator mechanism having one or more arm-shape collimators extending from a base part and a drive mechanism that moves the collimator mechanism on a plane perpendicular to a traveling direction of a charged particle beam. The arm-shape collimator includes one or more movable leaves that rotate independently of each other on the perpendicular plane. By moving the collimator mechanism and/or rotating the movable leaves so that the arm-shape collimators are arranged along a shape of an edge of an irradiation target on the perpendicular plane, the collimator control unit causes the arm-shape collimators to block a charged particle beam that would otherwise irradiate outside of the edge of the irradiation target.

Described is a method comprising directing an ultra-low voltage electron beam to a surface of a first insulating layer. The first insulating layer is disposed on a second insulating layer. The method includes modifying, by the application of the ultra-low voltage electron beam, the surface of the first insulating layer to selectively switch an interface between a first state having a first electronic property and a second state having a second electronic property.