Provided is a contactless internal measurement device including an electromagnetic wave irradiation unit that irradiates an electromagnetic wave to a measurement subject, and an electromagnetic wave receiver that detects the electromagnetic wave reflected by the measurement subject. The electromagnetic wave irradiation unit is disposed to reduce a polarization component of the electromagnetic wave detected by the electromagnetic wave receiver, the polarization component being the same as a polarization component of the electromagnetic wave irradiated by the electromagnetic wave irradiation unit.

The invention comprises a segmented rolling floor apparatus and method of use thereof, such as for use in a charged particle cancer therapy system. The segmented rolling floor comprises a first spool and a second spool, attached to opposite ends of the rolling floor, which cooperatively wind and unwind the rolling floor. The segmented rolling floor circumferentially surrounds a nozzle system penetrating through an aperture in the segmented rolling floor, where the nozzle system is used to deliver charged particles, from an accelerator, to a tumor of a patient. The rolling floor and nozzle systems move at respective rates maintaining the nozzle system in the aperture allowing for a safe/walkable floor while allowing treatment of the tumor as a gantry rotates the nozzle system and delivers protons to the tumor from positions above and below the floor.

The invention comprises a segmented rolling floor apparatus and method of use thereof, such as for use in a charged particle cancer therapy system. The segmented rolling floor comprises a first spool and a second spool, attached to opposite ends of the rolling floor, which cooperatively wind and unwind the rolling floor. The segmented rolling floor circumferentially surrounds a nozzle system penetrating through an aperture in the segmented rolling floor, where the nozzle system is used to deliver charged particles, from an accelerator, to a tumor of a patient. The rolling floor and nozzle systems move at respective rates maintaining the nozzle system in the aperture allowing for a safe/walkable floor while allowing treatment of the tumor as a gantry rotates the nozzle system and delivers protons to the tumor from positions above and below the floor.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for tuning a charged particle beam path of a charged particle beam system used to treat a tumor of a patient, comprising the steps of: positioning a two-dimensional charged particle detector in a beam line downstream from a magnet pair; operating windings of the magnet pair at a first power level to generate a first magnetic field; measuring a beam position with the first two-dimensional charged particle detector; adjusting a correction magnetic field by driving voltage of a correction coil at a second power level, the second power level less than five percent of the first power level, where the first magnetic field and the correction magnetic field combine to yield an operational magnetic field; and the steps of measuring and adjusting the correction magnetic field changing the operational magnetic field to adjust a measured beam position toward a target beam position.

A particle acceleration system includes an ion source that generates an ion, an accelerator that accelerates the ion, And a transporting unit that transports the ion from the ion source to the accelerator, in which an attachment angle and an attachment position of the ion source with respect to the transporting unit are able to be adjusted.

A simulation apparatus includes: a factor amount converting information storage unit in which factor amount converting information, which is information indicating correspondence between low-fidelity information and high-fidelity information, is stored; a writing pattern information storage unit in which writing pattern information is stored; an ADI simulation unit that performs an ADI simulation using one or more evaluation points, for a writing pattern indicated by the writing pattern information, thereby acquiring one or more factor amounts; a converting unit that acquires high-fidelity information, which is one or more factor amounts, corresponding to the low-fidelity information, which is one or more factor amounts, using the factor amount converting information; and an etching simulation unit that performs an etching simulation using the one or more factor amounts acquired by the converting unit.

A simulation apparatus includes: a factor amount converting information storage unit in which factor amount converting information, which is information indicating correspondence between low-fidelity information and high-fidelity information, is stored; a writing pattern information storage unit in which writing pattern information is stored; an ADI simulation unit that performs an ADI simulation using one or more evaluation points, for a writing pattern indicated by the writing pattern information, thereby acquiring one or more factor amounts; a converting unit that acquires high-fidelity information, which is one or more factor amounts, corresponding to the low-fidelity information, which is one or more factor amounts, using the factor amount converting information; and an etching simulation unit that performs an etching simulation using the one or more factor amounts acquired by the converting unit.

In some examples, a transport cylinder for transporting a sheet-format substrate includes at least one channel extending on an outer surface of the transport cylinder in an axial direction. Each channel includes at least one gripper, which is supported on a shaft, for holding a substrate on the outer surface of the transport cylinder. Each channel is covered by a respective cover at the outer surface of the transport cylinder. The cover and/or a shaft supporting the at least one gripper may include a cooling unit. In some examples, a drying unit that includes the transport cylinder may further include an electron beam for curing a printing fluid on a substrate on the transport cylinder. In some examples, a printing press may include the drying unit including the transport cylinder.

An apparatus, system, and method for real-time dosimetry. An electron beam irradiation system includes one or more detectors. The detectors have coils that, when an electron travels by a sensor pad in the detector, the electron induces a current into the coils. The current is detected and the electron is counted. The number of electrons counted at the one or more detectors is compared to the number of electrons leaving an electron gun, giving a dosage of the workpiece being irradiated.

An apparatus, system, and method for real-time dosimetry. An electron beam irradiation system includes one or more detectors. The detectors have coils that, when an electron travels by a sensor pad in the detector, the electron induces a current into the coils. The current is detected and the electron is counted. The number of electrons counted at the one or more detectors is compared to the number of electrons leaving an electron gun, giving a dosage of the workpiece being irradiated.