An apparatus, system, and method for real-time dosimetry. An electron beam irradiation system includes one or more detectors. The detectors have coils that, when an electron travels by a sensor pad in the detector, the electron induces a current into the coils. The current is detected and the electron is counted. The number of electrons counted at the one or more detectors is compared to the number of electrons leaving an electron gun, giving a dosage of the workpiece being irradiated.

An apparatus, system, and method for real-time dosimetry. An electron beam irradiation system includes one or more detectors. The detectors have coils that, when an electron travels by a sensor pad in the detector, the electron induces a current into the coils. The current is detected and the electron is counted. The number of electrons counted at the one or more detectors is compared to the number of electrons leaving an electron gun, giving a dosage of the workpiece being irradiated.

The invention comprises a method and apparatus for treating a tumor of a patient, in a beam treatment center comprising a floor, with positively charged particles, comprising: (1) a synchrotron mounted to an elevated floor section above the floor of the beam treatment center; (2) a beam transport system, comprising: at least three fixed-position beam transport lines, where none of the synchrotron and the beam transport system penetrate through the floor of the beam treatment center; (3) the positively charged particles transported from the synchrotron, through the beam transport system, to a position above a patient positioning system during use; and (4) an optional repositionable nozzle system connected to a first, second, and third fixed-position beam transport line at a first, second, and third time, respectively, where the nozzle track forms an arc of a circle and the repositionable nozzle system moves along the nozzle track.

Apparatuses and methods for producing neutrons for applications such as boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) are described. An apparatus can include a rotary fixture with a coolant inlet and a coolant outlet, and a plurality of neutron-producing segments. Each neutron-producing segment of the plurality of neutron-producing segments is removably coupled to the rotary fixture, and includes a substrate having a coolant channel circuit defined therein and a solid neutron source layer disposed thereon. The coolant channel circuits are in fluid communication with the coolant inlet and the coolant outlet.

The invention relates to a carriage of a linear motion guide for arranging on a rail of the linear motion guide, said carriage having an at least substantially U-shaped cross-section and having at least one substantially U-shaped base body (15) which is supplemented with plastic components, wherein the carriage, in both legs of the U-shape, is in each case connected to at least one self-contained rolling body housing (7) which is kept open towards the rail in order to guide as precisely as possible on the rail and nevertheless being easy to assemble. According to the invention, at least parts of inner and outer boundary surfaces of a return channel (10) and both deflection channels (11) of one of the rolling body housings in the respective leg are formed by means of a one-piece plastic component in both legs of the carriage.

Disclosed are systems and methods for generating a beam of charged particles, such as an ion beam. Such a system may comprise an interaction chamber configured to support a target, one or more electromagnetic radiation sources, a sensor, and at least one processor. The one or more electromagnetic radiation sources may be configured to provide a probe beam at a first energy for determining orientation data of the target and a particle-generating beam at a second energy, which is greater than the first energy, for producing a beam of charged particles. The processor may be configured to receive feedback information from the sensor and to cause a change in a relative orientation between the particle-generating beam and the target.

Disclosed are systems and methods for generating a beam of charged particles, such as an ion beam. Such a system may comprise an interaction chamber configured to support a target, one or more electromagnetic radiation sources, a sensor, and at least one processor. The one or more electromagnetic radiation sources may be configured to provide a probe beam at a first energy for determining orientation data of the target and a particle-generating beam at a second energy, which is greater than the first energy, for producing a beam of charged particles. The processor may be configured to receive feedback information from the sensor and to cause a change in a relative orientation between the particle-generating beam and the target.

A paint hardening device is a device for hardening paint applied to a workpiece and includes an electron beam emission portion configured to emit an electron beam to harden the paint, and a storage chamber in which the electron beam emission portion is accommodated. The paint hardening device is configured to move the workpiece and the electron beam emission portion relative to each other while the electron beam is being applied to the paint from the electron beam emission portion in a state where an inert gas atmosphere is formed at least in an electron-beam passing region where the electron beam passes in the storage chamber, the electron beam being applied to the paint from the electron beam emission portion.

An x-ray generating unit includes an x-ray tube that is substantially transparent to x-rays and that defines a vacuum therein. A cathode is disposed within the x-ray tube and defines a plurality of spaced apart cavities. An anode is spaced apart from the cathode and includes a material that emits x-rays when impacted by electrons. A plurality of filaments is each disposed in a different one of the cavities defined by the cathode and each is electrically coupled to the cathode. Each filament emits a focused electron beam directed to a different predetermined spot on the anode upon application of a predetermined voltage between the cathode and the anode, thereby causing the anode to generate x-rays.

There is provided a charged particle beam irradiation apparatus that performs irradiation of a charged particle beam, the apparatus including: an accelerator that accelerates a charged particle to generate the charged particle beam; an irradiator that includes a gantry rotatable around a rotation axis, and performs irradiation of the charged particle beam generated by the accelerator; and a transporter that includes an energy degrader provided outside the irradiator to reduce an energy of the charged particle beam generated by the accelerator, and transports the charged particle beam, which is generated by the accelerator, to the irradiator. The transporter transports the charged particle beam to the irradiator while maintaining an energy distribution of the charged particle beam that is reduced in energy by the energy degrader.