The shape sensor system of the present invention includes a braided structure in which small diameter bending members including two or more optical fibers, provided with detection target portions, are spirally wound around a core member as an axis in directions opposite to each other, or a braided structure in which three or more small diameter bending members including an optical fiber and a dummy optical fiber or a thin metal wire are braided, a plurality of detection target portions are distributed in the direction around the axis of the core member, the bending directions of the respective bending members are synthesized to detect a bending shape of the probe portion, a function of adjusting the fiber length in a braiding cycle is performed, and position deviation does not occur.

The shape sensor system of the present invention includes a braided structure in which small diameter bending members including two or more optical fibers, provided with detection target portions, are spirally wound around a core member as an axis in directions opposite to each other, or a braided structure in which three or more small diameter bending members including an optical fiber and a dummy optical fiber or a thin metal wire are braided, a plurality of detection target portions are distributed in the direction around the axis of the core member, the bending directions of the respective bending members are synthesized to detect a bending shape of the probe portion, a function of adjusting the fiber length in a braiding cycle is performed, and position deviation does not occur.

The invention concerns a system for determining the topography of a diffusely reflecting curved surface, that comprises two telecentric projection branches that project fringe images of a Ronchi grating on the diffusely reflecting curved surface, and a viewing branch of which the optical system projects an image of the illuminated surface on its camera target, and comprises further a computer that receives the fringe images recorded by the camera target and calculates from these the topography of the anterior eye surfaces, in which system the projection sources are semiconductor diodes and the optical system of the viewing branch is two-sided telecentric.

The invention concerns a system for determining the topography of a diffusely reflecting curved surface, that comprises two telecentric projection branches that project fringe images of a Ronchi grating on the diffusely reflecting curved surface, and a viewing branch of which the optical system projects an image of the illuminated surface on its camera target, and comprises further a computer that receives the fringe images recorded by the camera target and calculates from these the topography of the anterior eye surfaces, in which system the projection sources are semiconductor diodes and the optical system of the viewing branch is two-sided telecentric.

Provided is a method for evaluating production precision of a spectacle lens having micro convex segments protruding from a convex surface on an object side of the spectacle lens, including measuring a shape of the convex surface of the spectacle lens; setting an actual device virtual model including a spectacle lens model based on the measured shape and an eyeball model; performing ray tracing calculation on the actual device virtual model and specifying an actual device convergence position where light rays converge on an front side of a retina of the eyeball model; and evaluating production precision of the spectacle lens on the basis of the actual device convergence position.

Provided is a method for evaluating production precision of a spectacle lens having micro convex segments protruding from a convex surface on an object side of the spectacle lens, including measuring a shape of the convex surface of the spectacle lens; setting an actual device virtual model including a spectacle lens model based on the measured shape and an eyeball model; performing ray tracing calculation on the actual device virtual model and specifying an actual device convergence position where light rays converge on an front side of a retina of the eyeball model; and evaluating production precision of the spectacle lens on the basis of the actual device convergence position.

The invention relates to a method for contactless recording of a track geometry of a track by means of a rail vehicle which is moved along the track on on-track undercarriages (4), wherein profile data of the track extending in transverse direction are compiled by means of a laser scanner. In this, it is provided that, by means of an evaluation device, profile data are evaluated relative to a reference base pre-defined on the rail vehicle in order to derive from this the course of a track central axis and/or a rail. The invention additionally relates to a rail vehicle which comprise an evaluation device configured for carrying out the method. Thus, no further measuring system is required to determine a track position.

A curvature sensor includes a light source, a flexible light guide including cores, and FBG sensors that are provided in the cores and constitute FBG sensor groups at predetermined positions at predetermined positions along longitudinal axes of the cores. The curvature sensor includes a detector that detects an optical spectrum of light from the FBG sensors, and a processor that obtains a bend of the light guide. FBG sensors provided in a core include a first FBG sensor and a second FBG sensor next to it. The first and second FBG sensors include gratings having first and second pitches. The first pitch is shorter than the second pitch and is closer to the second pitch than other pitches of gratings of all FBG sensors that are provided in the core and include gratings having pitches shorter than the second pitch.

A curvature sensor includes a light source, a flexible light guide including cores, and FBG sensors that are provided in the cores and constitute FBG sensor groups at predetermined positions at predetermined positions along longitudinal axes of the cores. The curvature sensor includes a detector that detects an optical spectrum of light from the FBG sensors, and a processor that obtains a bend of the light guide. FBG sensors provided in a core include a first FBG sensor and a second FBG sensor next to it. The first and second FBG sensors include gratings having first and second pitches. The first pitch is shorter than the second pitch and is closer to the second pitch than other pitches of gratings of all FBG sensors that are provided in the core and include gratings having pitches shorter than the second pitch.

In a method of determining a radius or diameter of a train wheel, a camera mounted on a train acquires first and second images (pictures) of first and second objects spaced along a path being traveled by the train. Matches are then determined between the first and second objects appearing in the first and second acquired images and representations (pictures) of the first and second objects appearing in prerecorded images included in a track database that include corresponding first and second geographical locations. A distance L traveled by the train between the first and second geographical locations is determined and a sum C of electrical pulses generated by an encoder coupled to the train wheel during travel of the train the distance L is determined. Based on the distance L and the sum C, a diameter or radius of the wheel is determined.