A disclosed method determines a distance from a camera to a face of a vehicle driver using information determined by phase detecting pixels of a digital image sensor of the camera. The method includes capturing an image of the driver including the driver's face and processing the image to determine a face region of the image. The method further includes determining a subset of phase detecting pixels of the digital image sensor that are associated with the face region of the image. A comparison of first and second image data generated by the determined phase detecting pixels is then used to determine a spatial image offset. The spatial image offset is then used to generate a first distance estimate of a distance between a region of the driver's face and the digital image sensor. The first distance estimate may be used to track the driver's head or eyes.

A pivot mechanism includes: a shaft; a bearing including an opening portion in which the shaft is to be inserted, wherein a size of the opening portion at an open end of the bearing which has flexibility is less than a diameter of the shaft, and the bearing is configured to pivot about a pivot axis relative to the shaft; and a stopper disposed spaced apart from the shaft in a direction in which the shaft inserted in the opening portion moves away from the bearing, the stopper being movable in a direction different from the direction in which the shaft moves away from the bearing.

A method for range detection is described. The method includes segmenting an image into one or more segmentation blobs captured by a monocular camera of an ego vehicle. The method includes focusing on pixels forming a selected segmentation blob of the one or more segment blobs. The method also includes determining a distance to the selected segmentation blob according to a focus function value of the monocular camera of the ego vehicle.

The present invention relates to a measurement system 1 comprising an angle measuring unit 2 having at least one sensor 3, a reflective element 4 opposite to the angle measuring unit 2, at least one first light source 5 arranged on the side of the angle measuring unit 2 and at least one second light source 6, 6 arranged on the side of the reflective element 4. The at least one first light source 5 is designed to emit light via the reflective element 4 to the at least one sensor 3. The at least one second light source is designed to emit light to the at least one sensor 3. The angle measuring unit 2 is designed to determine at least one angle of incidence .sub.1 of the light of each first light source 5 on the at least one sensor 3 and at least one angle of incidence .sub.1, .sub.1 of the light of each second light source 6, 6 on the at least one sensor 3 and to calculate positioning information of the reflective element 4 from the determined angles of incidence .sub.1, .sub.1, .sub.1. The present invention also relates to a corresponding measuring method.

The present invention relates to a measurement system 1 comprising an angle measuring unit 2 having at least one sensor 3, a reflective element 4 opposite to the angle measuring unit 2, at least one first light source 5 arranged on the side of the angle measuring unit 2 and at least one second light source 6, 6 arranged on the side of the reflective element 4. The at least one first light source 5 is designed to emit light via the reflective element 4 to the at least one sensor 3. The at least one second light source is designed to emit light to the at least one sensor 3. The angle measuring unit 2 is designed to determine at least one angle of incidence .sub.1 of the light of each first light source 5 on the at least one sensor 3 and at least one angle of incidence .sub.1, .sub.1 of the light of each second light source 6, 6 on the at least one sensor 3 and to calculate positioning information of the reflective element 4 from the determined angles of incidence .sub.1, .sub.1, .sub.1. The present invention also relates to a corresponding measuring method.

The present application proposes an apparatus and method for detecting stock-out of articles on a rack and a rack. The apparatus includes: a distance detector configured to detect a distance between the article farthest from a first end and one of the first end and a second end; and a controlling and processing unit communicatively connected to the distance detector and configured to determine whether the articles are out of stock based on the distance.

The present application proposes an apparatus and method for detecting stock-out of articles on a rack and a rack. The apparatus includes: a distance detector configured to detect a distance between the article farthest from a first end and one of the first end and a second end; and a controlling and processing unit communicatively connected to the distance detector and configured to determine whether the articles are out of stock based on the distance.

A measurement method and apparatus are provided. The measurement method is applicable to an image acquisition device, and includes: acquiring image data to generate an image data file (S101); capturing an object to be measured in an image corresponding to the image data file (S102); obtaining a first distance between a horizontal line going through a lowest point of the object to be measured in the image and a horizontal line going through a center point of the image (S103); and calculating a second distance between the object to be measured and the image acquisition device based on the first distance, an installation height of the image acquisition device and a pitch angle of the image acquisition device (S104). Compared with the relevant art, the image acquisition device can measure the distance to an object to be measured while achieving relatively low production cost and easy installation. As a result, actual demands can be better satisfied.

A substrate processing system includes a laser triangulation sensor configured to transmit and receive light through a window of an exterior wall of a substrate processing chamber. A controller is configured to: position the laser triangulation sensor such that the laser triangulation sensor transmits light onto a measurement feature arranged between a first surface of a substrate support and a second surface of a gas distribution device, where the second surface faces the first surface; and while the laser triangulation sensor transmits light onto the measurement feature, determine a first distance between the first and second surfaces based on a difference between: a second distance between the laser triangulation sensor and the first surface measured using the laser triangulation sensor; and a third distance between the laser triangulation sensor and the second surface measured using the laser triangulation sensor.

A substrate processing system includes a laser triangulation sensor configured to transmit and receive light through a window of an exterior wall of a substrate processing chamber. A controller is configured to: position the laser triangulation sensor such that the laser triangulation sensor transmits light onto a measurement feature arranged between a first surface of a substrate support and a second surface of a gas distribution device, where the second surface faces the first surface; and while the laser triangulation sensor transmits light onto the measurement feature, determine a first distance between the first and second surfaces based on a difference between: a second distance between the laser triangulation sensor and the first surface measured using the laser triangulation sensor; and a third distance between the laser triangulation sensor and the second surface measured using the laser triangulation sensor.